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circular queue in python: a comprehensive guide (geeksforgeeks style)

a *circular queue* (also known as a **ring buffer**) is a linear data structure that operates on the principle of **fifo (first-in, first-out)**, but with a crucial difference: the last position is connected back to the first position. this creates a circular structure where you can efficiently reuse space without shifting elements.

this tutorial will cover the concept of circular queues, their advantages, implementation in python, and common operations, all presented in a format inspired by geeksforgeeks.

*table of contents:*

1. *introduction to circular queues*
2. *why circular queues? (advantages)*
3. *key concepts and terminology*
4. *python implementation*
initialization (`__init__`)
`enqueue()` (adding elements)
`dequeue()` (removing elements)
`is_empty()` (checking for emptiness)
`is_full()` (checking for fullness)
`peek()` (getting the front element)
`display()` (printing the queue)
5. *time complexity analysis*
6. *applications of circular queues*
7. *complete python code example*
8. *practice problems*

*1. introduction to circular queues*

imagine a regular queue like waiting in line at a ticket counter. people join at the back (enqueue) and are served from the front (dequeue). once someone is served, the space they occupied is essentially wasted in a regular queue unless all elements are shifted forward.

a circular queue addresses this issue by treating the queue as a circular buffer. when the last position is reached, instead of becoming "full," the `rear` pointer wraps around to the beginning of the queue (if that position is empty). this allows reuse of vacant spaces, leading to more efficient memory utilization.

*2. why circular queues? (advantages)*

*efficient memory utilization:* reuses space in the queue, preventing wastage and eliminating the need to shift elements.
**sui ...

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Circular Queue
Python
GeeksforGeeks
data structure
enqueue
dequeue
implementation
array
linked list
circular buffer
queue operations
FIFO
algorithm
Python code
tutorial