Most don't know: In 1970s California, biased IQ tests shoved Black kids—9% of students—into 66% of 'educable mentally retarded' special ed classes. 😱
These "EMR" rooms weren't classrooms—they were dead-end warehouses. Post-1954 Brown v. Board of Education, which struck down legal school segregation, California schools used IQ tests to resegregate Black children quietly. Questions on the tests favored white, middle-class knowledge—picture vocab or cultural trivia alien to many Black families. Result? Black students, just 9% of enrollment, crammed 66% of EMR spots, labeled "educably mentally retarded" based on scores that measured bias, not ability.
Futures crushed before they started. No college prep, no trades—just isolation and stigma. Kids pulled from regular classes, warehoused for years, emerging with nothing but lowered expectations.
Then came the fight. 1971: Parents of five Black boys, led by plaintiff "Larry P.," sued California's Department of Education in federal court—Larry P. v. Riles. Lawyers argued the tests were culturally discriminatory, invalid for minorities. Experts testified IQ gaps stemmed from poverty, racism—not genetics.
Trial spanned years, tense courtroom battles over test validity. 1979: Judge Robert F. Peckham ruled for plaintiffs. "The use of IQ tests... results in a discriminatory denial of educational opportunity," he blasted, enjoining California from using standardized IQ tests to place Black students in special ed. Landmark win: IQ tests banned statewide for Black kids.
But echoes linger. The ruling forced moratoriums, shifted placements—but didn't erase inequities. Today, per 2024 data, Black students face 3X higher suspension rates than white peers. Over-identification for emotional behavioral disorders persists, funneling them into isolation rooms redux.
History's injustice echoes—time to dismantle it now.
#LarryP #Riles #BrownVBoard #CaliforniaSchools #IQTestBias #PeckhamRuling #SpecialEdSegregation #CivilRightsEra
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