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Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) – 1983

Release Dates & Regional Names
• Japan: Family Computer (Famicom) – July 15, 1983
• US Test Market (NYC/LA): October 18, 1985
• US Nationwide: September 27, 1986
• Europe/Australia: 1986–1987 (varying by country)
• Discontinued: NA/EU/AU August 14, 1995; JP September 25, 2003

Manufacturer: Nintendo Co., Ltd.
Publisher: Nintendo
Country of Origin: Designed & Produced in Japan

Theme: 8-Bit Home Video Game Console (Third Generation)
Controllers: Rectangular gamepad (D-pad + A/B/Select/Start)
Accessories: NES Zapper (light gun), Power Pad (mat), R.O.B. (robot)
Age Range: All Ages
Original Retail Price: ¥14,800 (JP); $179.99 (US Deluxe Set)

Key Features
• Front-loading "toaster" design (NES-001) or top-loading (NES-101, 1993)
• 72-pin cartridges (NES); 60-pin (Famicom)
• Lockout chip (10NES) prevents unlicensed games
• Expansion port for peripherals
• RF/AV output; supports up to 2 controllers

Technical Specifications
• CPU: Ricoh 2A03 (MOS 6502-based @ 1.79 MHz NTSC / 1.66 MHz PAL)
• PPU: Ricoh RP2C02 (256x240 resolution, 52 colors, 64 sprites)
• RAM: 2 KB work RAM; 2 KB video RAM
• ROM: Up to 1 MB via mappers (MMC1–MMC5)
• Audio: 5-channel (2 square waves, triangle, noise, DMC sample)
• Media: Cartridge-based (714 official US titles)

Sales Numbers
61.91 million units worldwide (Japan: 19.35M; NA: 34M; Other: 8.56M)

Back of the Box Description (US Deluxe Set)
"Now you're playing with power! Super Mario Bros., Duck Hunt, and Gyromite included. The ultimate video entertainment system with revolutionary Action Set featuring R.O.B. the robotic accessory!"

Additional Details
• Variants: NES-001 (front-loader), NES-101 (top-loader, no lockout)
• Multiplayer: Up to 2-player simultaneous
• Difficulty: Varies by game
• Localization: 700+ games in multiple languages
• Regional Differences: Famicom hardwired controllers; PAL slowdown

Historical Context
Launched as Famicom in Japan to massive success (2.5M sold by 1984). US release disguised as "Video Entertainment System" toy post-1983 crash. Bundled with R.O.B. & games; Nintendo's Seal of Quality revived industry. Succeeded by SNES (1990).

Did You Know?
• Revived US game market from $100M (1985) to $430M (1986)
• David Wise composed early soundtracks (Battletoads, Time Lord)
• "Now you're playing with power" slogan iconic
• Top-seller: Super Mario Bros. (40M+ copies bundled)
• NES Classic Edition (2016) sold 3.6M minis

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