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Tea in Pakistan

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Roll of tea in our economy: The per capita consumption is more than 1.0 kg. Unfortunately, all tea consumed in Pakistan is imported from abroad. Tea is the third commodity after petroleum and edible oil on which our billion of expenditure has been spent annually. Moreover, Pakistan is the second-largest importer of tea in the world next to the United Kingdom with the current rate of population growth (3.1% annually), the country is likely to be the largest importer of tea in the world during the next few years. (Nathaniel, 1992). As reported by Jamali and Jamali (2001) that Pakistan consumes a substantial quantity of tea and the country enjoys the distribution of being the world's 2nd largest non-producing tea importer.

#teapakistan #chai #teatree
Tea cultivation history: Tea cultivation was started for the first time in 1958 at village Baffa, district Mansehra and subsequently, in 1964 at Misriot Dam, Rawalpindi under the auspices of the Pakistan Tea Board. The efforts could not become fruitful for want of proper governmental attention. This was most probably due to self-sufficiency in domestic tea production in East Pakistan (Now Bangladesh). Soon after the separation of East Pakistan in 1971, a special crops cell was created in the Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Govt. of Pakistan, and a project entitled "Research and Introduction of Tea in Pakistan" was initiated in 1973-74. To carry out systematic research studies on the performance of crops, the project/task was handed over to Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) in 1976-77, which initiated solid steps and planted tea seed on 1.5 acres at village Baffa, district Mansehra. Subsequently, in 1982, a four-member team of Chinese tea experts visited the area, who after surveying the prospective tea growing area of the Northern hilly tract of Pakistan, developed a collaborative Tea Research Programme and planted Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) on 2 acres (0.8 ha) land at Daily, district Mansehra. The team again visited Pakistan and suggested the establishment of the National Tea Research Station in 1986 at Shinkiari, Mansehra. As reported by Seurei (1997) that tea Camellia sinensis improvement in Kenya has in three phases. Initial pioneer introduction, secondly subsequent mass clone selection and breeding between superior clones.

Tea as a health beverage: As reported by Oguni and Hara (1990) that the tea is a miraculous medicine for the maintenance of health and has an extraordinary power to prolong working life.

Discussion

As a result of 20 years, long research and efforts by the Scientists of Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Islamabad, the healthy/ satisfactory growth of tea plants have been ascertained with existing tea plantation growing vigorously at Battal and Shinkiari since 1982 and 1986, respectively. The maximum yield of 5000 kg harvest (top tender leaves) as fine plucking (2 leaves +bud) and 3 times as much i.e., 15000 kg harvest as coarse plucking (4 leaves + bud) per acre per year has been obtained from selected tea bushes in the existing seedling gardens at Shinkiari. Whereas fine plucking is used for making green tea and superior quality black tea while, coarse plucking is used for making black tea with a quality comparable to the one in the market.

National Tea & High-Value Crops Research Institute (NTHRI) is working under the auspices of Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Ministry of National Food Security & Research (MNFS&R), Islamabad. It was established in 1986 as the National Tea Research Station (NTRS)on 50 acres of land in District Mansehra (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) and upgraded to the level of Institute in 1996. The Institute was again re-organized during 2013 as National Tea & High-Value Crops Research Institute (NTHRI) for the promotion of horticultural crops in addition to tea.