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Kudüm is a fundamental percussion instrument in classical Turkish music, often played by a musician known as a kudümzen. It is part of the core ensemble of Mevlevi music alongside the ney, rebap, and halile. The kudüm consists of a pair of small, hemispherical drums made of beaten copper, with one drum being slightly larger and higher-pitched than the other. These drums are about 28-30 cm in diameter and 16 cm high, narrowing towards the bottom.

The difference in skin thickness between the two drums creates varying pitches, with the higher-pitched drum (tek) on the left and the lower-pitched one (düm) on the right. The tension of the skin can be adjusted to match the musical makam being performed. Camel's skin is typically the preferred material for drumheads, although cattle or llama skin is sometimes used. To prevent slipping and ensure the right sound, the drums are placed on leather links filled with cotton.

Kudüm is traditionally played with two wooden sticks known as zahme, and the metal body is often covered with leather to produce a more desirable tone. Historically, it was primarily used in religious ceremonies by the Mevlevis, but it gradually found its way into mainstream Turkish classical music during the 20th century. Notably, it was first used in a non-religious context in 1947 in a concert organized by the Üsküdar Musical Association. Changes in the making of the instrument were introduced by instrument maker Cafer Açın in the latter half of the 20th century. Additionally, composer Sadettin Heper made significant contributions to music involving the kudüm.