Скачать или смотреть Understanding Pain Medications A Quick guide

Pain medications (analgesics) are divided into three primary categories based on their strength and how they interact with the body.
1. Non-Opioid Over-the-Counter (OTC) Options
These are generally the first line of defense for mild to moderate pain, such as headaches or muscle strains.
Acetaminophen (e.g., Tylenol): Works on parts of the brain that receive pain signals. It is effective for pain and fever but does not reduce inflammation.
NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs): Includes Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), Naproxen (Aleve), and Aspirin. These block prostaglandins—chemicals that cause both pain and swelling—making them ideal for inflammation-based pain like arthritis or menstrual cramps.
2. Prescription Opioids (Narcotics)
Reserved for severe pain (e.g., post-surgery or cancer) when other treatments fail.
Common Types: Morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol.
How They Work: They bind to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord to muffle pain signals.
Risks: High potential for physical dependency, tolerance (needing more for the same effect), and addiction.
3. Adjuvant and Specialized Medications
These are used for specific types of pain or to enhance the effect of primary painkillers.
Neuropathic (Nerve) Pain Meds: Gabapentin or pregabalin are used for shooting or burning pain caused by nerve damage.
Topical Agents: Creams, gels, or patches (e.g., Lidocaine or Capsaicin) that provide targeted relief directly at the source with fewer systemic side effects.
Key Safety Rules for 2026
Start Low, Go Slow: Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time possible to minimize side effects.
Check Labels: Many cold and flu medicines already contain acetaminophen or NSAIDs; unknowingly "doubling up" can lead to liver or kidney damage.
Avoid Alcohol: Mixing alcohol with acetaminophen increases liver risks, while mixing with NSAIDs can lead to stomach bleeding.
Consult Professionals: Use the FDA Medication Guide for specific drug information or find local disposal programs through the DEA Diversion Control Division.