Скачать или смотреть SQL vs NoSQL Databases Explained: Core Differences | Interview Prep | High Level Design

Unlock the critical differences between SQL and NoSQL databases—an essential topic for system design, backend architecture, and technical interviews! This video gives a clear, practical breakdown and helps you master database selection, interview answers, and real-world scenarios that every engineer and computer science student should know.

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What You’ll Learn:

1. What Are SQL Databases?

Relational databases with structured tables—think of them like well-organized spreadsheets.

Strong schema, ACID compliance (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) for maximal data integrity.

Powerful for complex queries using JOINs and relationships across tables.

Examples: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server.

Best for: Financial systems, ERP, apps needing strict consistency and complex transactions.

2. What Are NoSQL Databases?

Non-relational databases designed for flexibility, scalability, and handling semi-structured or unstructured data.

Schema-less—each record can have a different structure.

Horizontal scaling (sharding)—add more servers for growth and big data workloads.

Eventual consistency (BASE model), which is fine for apps that can accept slightly stale data.

Types of NoSQL:

Document (MongoDB): E-commerce, CMS, user profiles.

Key-Value (Redis, DynamoDB): Caching, session data, leaderboards.

Column-Family (Cassandra, HBase): Time-series, analytics, massive write volumes.

Graph (Neo4j): Social networks, recommendation engines.

Best for: Real-time analytics, rapidly growing apps, flexible schema requirements, distributed systems.

3. SQL vs NoSQL—Key Differences:

Feature SQL Databases NoSQL Databases
Data Model Tables, Rows, Columns Document, Key-Value, Column, Graph
Schema Fixed, predefined Dynamic, flexible
Scaling Vertical (scale-up) Horizontal (scale-out/sharding)
Consistency Strong (ACID) Eventual (BASE)
Relationships Excellent via JOINs Generally no JOINs
Query Language SQL Varies (BSON, CQL, etc.)
4. When to Use Each (with Interview Tips):

Choose SQL if you need reliable structure, strong consistency, and complex relationships (e.g., banking, inventory).

Choose NoSQL if you want flexible schemas, massive scale, and speed with semi- or unstructured data (e.g., social feeds, IoT, fast-growing startups).

5. Modern Approach:

Polyglot Persistence: Most real-world systems use a mix of SQL and NoSQL—use the right tool for the job!

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Timestamps:
0:00 – Introduction: Why Database Choice Matters
1:15 – SQL Databases Explained
3:50 – NoSQL Databases Explained
7:30 – Key Differences in Practice
10:20 – When to Use SQL vs NoSQL
12:30 – Real World Examples & Polyglot Persistence
15:00 – Interview Tips & Best Practices

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