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The 1943 Detroit race riot took place in the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan from the evening of June 20 through to the early morning of June 22. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943_De...

It occurred in a period of dramatic population increase and social tensions associated with the military buildup of U.S. participation in World War II, as Detroit's automotive industry was converted to the war effort.

Existing social tensions and housing shortages were exacerbated by racist feelings about the arrival of nearly 400,000 migrants, both African-American and White Southerners, from the Southeastern United States between 1941 and 1943.

The new migrants competed for space and jobs, as well as against European immigrants and their descendants.

The riot escalated in the city after a false rumor spread that a mob of whites had thrown a black mother and her baby into the Detroit River.

Blacks looted and destroyed white property as retaliation.

Whites overran Woodward to Veron where they proceeded to tip over 20 cars that belonged to black families.

1943 Detroit race riot Date:
June 20th through June 22, 1943

Location:
Detroit, Michigan

Methods:
Rioting, arson, looting, assault, street fighting

Parties to the civil conflict:
Black rioters
• Black youths
• Black workers

White rioters
• White youths
• Sailors
• European immigrants

Detroit Police Department United States Army

Civilians engaged in self-defense

Casualties:
Deaths 34
Injuries 433
Arrested 1,800

The Detroit riots were one of five that summer; it followed ones in New York City; Los Angeles (the Zoot Suit Riot); Beaumont, Texas; and Mobile, Alabama.

The rioting in Detroit began among youths at Belle Isle Park on June 20, 1943; the unrest spread to other areas of the city and was exacerbated by false rumors of racial attacks in both the black and white communities.

It continued until June 22. It was suppressed after 6,000 federal troops were ordered into the city to restore peace.

A total of 34 people were killed, 25 of them black and most at the hands of the white police force, while 433 were wounded (75 percent of them black), and property valued at $2 million (worth $30.4 million in 2020) was destroyed.

Most of the riot took place in the black area of Paradise Valley, the poorest neighborhood of the city.

At the time, white commissions attributed the cause of the riot to black people and youths but the NAACP claimed deeper causes: A shortage of affordable housing, discrimination in employment, lack of minority representation in the police, and white police brutality.

A late 20th-century analysis of the rioters showed that the white rioters were younger and often unemployed (characteristics that the riot commissions had falsely attributed to blacks, despite evidence in front of them).

Whites traveled long distances across the city to join the first stage of the riot near the bridge to Belle Isle Park, and later some traveled in armed groups explicitly to attack the black neighborhood in Paradise Valley.

The black participants were often older, established city residents, who in many cases had lived in the city for more than a decade, They also looted and destroyed white-owned property in their neighborhood.

Altercations between youths started on June 20, 1943, on a warm Sunday evening on Belle Isle, an island in the Detroit River off Detroit's mainland. In what is considered a communal disorder, youths fought intermittently through the afternoon.

The brawl eventually grew into a confrontation between groups of whites and blacks on the long Belle Isle Bridge, crowded with more than 100,000 day trippers returning to the city from the park. From there the riot spread into the city. Sailors joined fights against blacks.

The riot escalated in the city after a false rumor spread that a mob of whites had thrown a black mother and her baby into the Detroit River. Blacks looted and destroyed white property as retaliation. Whites overran Woodward to Veron where they proceeded to tip over 20 cars that belonged to black families.

The whites also started to loot stores while rioting.

Historian Marilyn S. Johnson argues that this rumor reflected black male fears about historical white violence against black women and children.

Additionally, a commission was established to determine the cause of the riot, despite the unequal amount of violence toward blacks, the commission blamed the riot on blacks and their community leaders.

Detroit's black leaders identified numerous other substantive causes, including persistent racial discrimination in jobs and housing, frequent police brutality against blacks and the lack of black representation on the force, and the daily animosity directed at their people by much of Detroit's white population.

Related Stories:
1967 Detroit riot
Detroit race riot of 1863
Harlem riot of 1943
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States

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