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The integration of physical power systems with cyber systems, resulting in the creation of Cyber-Physical Power Systems (CPPS). The CPPS is crucial for modern power systems as it enhances stability, efficiency, reliability, and security by combining communication, control, and computation. The system's operations involve real-time feedback between the physical power system and the cyber components, with various control methods ensuring optimized performance.
Key Findings:
CPPS Structure and Interaction: There are three levels of interaction within CPPS: (1) between power system components and controllers, (2) between power system control and communication infrastructure, and (3) between communication infrastructure and cyber systems. Each interaction level plays a critical role in maintaining system stability and efficiency.
Cybersecurity and Vulnerability: CPPS faces significant cybersecurity threats, such as cyber-attacks that, when coordinated with physical attacks, can cause severe damage to the power system. The paper highlights various cybersecurity challenges and emphasizes the need for cyber-attack detection and mitigation techniques.
Time Delay Impact: Time delays in communication between system components impact the stability of the power grid, and various methods to compensate for time delays have been studied.
Modeling and Simulation: Various modeling and simulation methods are explored to analyze CPPS stability, incorporating both cyber and physical components.