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Kidneys are bean-shaped organs in humans that filter blood, remove waste, and help balance fluids. Located in the retroperitoneal space behind the abdomen, they are crucial for maintaining overall body health.
Here's a more detailed look:
Location and Structure:
Kidneys are bean-shaped and reddish-brown.
They are situated on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage, and behind the abdomen.
Each kidney is about the size of a fist.
They are surrounded by a protective renal capsule.
The main parts of the kidney include the renal cortex (outer layer), renal medulla (inner layer), and the renal pelvis.
Functions:
Blood Filtration:
Kidneys filter waste products, excess water, and toxins from the blood, which are then excreted as urine.
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance:
They help regulate fluid levels and maintain the correct balance of electrolytes (like sodium and potassium) in the blood.
Hormone Production:
Kidneys produce hormones that help regulate blood pressure, make red blood cells, and activate vitamin D.
Urinary System:
The kidneys are part of the urinary system, which also includes the ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Urine produced by the kidneys flows through the ureters to the bladder for storage and then leaves the body through the urethra.
Health and Diseases:
Kidney disease can occur when the kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood properly.
Common causes of kidney disease include diabetes and high blood pressure.
Early detection and treatment of kidney disease are crucial to prevent or delay kidney failure.

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