Скачать или смотреть Viruses: Structure, Replication & Disease | Unit 4 – Lippincott Microbiology (4th)

This comprehensive exploration of virology details the fundamental nature of viruses as acellular pathogens consisting of either DNA or RNA genomes protected by protein capsids and, in many cases, lipid envelopes. The text examines the viral life cycle in depth, covering essential stages from adsorption and host receptor interaction to the specialized replication strategies employed by different viral families, including the critical eclipse period and exponential growth phases. Within the category of DNA viruses, nonenveloped types such as human papillomavirus (HPV) are linked to epithelial lesions and various cancers, while adenoviruses and parvoviruses are identified as common triggers for respiratory illnesses and childhood rashes. Enveloped DNA viruses, particularly the herpesvirus family, are characterized by their ability to establish lifelong latency and reactivate to cause conditions like shingles, infectious mononucleosis, and congenital abnormalities. The study of hepatitis focuses on the unique molecular biology of Hepatitis B, a hepadnavirus that utilizes reverse transcription, and its frequent coinfection with the defective Hepatitis D agent. Transitioning to RNA viruses, the material distinguishes between positive-strand viruses—including poliovirus, the common cold-causing rhinovirus, and significant pathogens like Hepatitis C and coronaviruses—and negative-strand viruses such as the highly variable influenza virus and the neurotropic rabies virus. Significant attention is paid to retroviruses, specifically HIV, which integrates its genetic material into the host genome to cause profound immunodeficiency. The unit concludes with an analysis of double-stranded RNA viruses like rotavirus, a leading cause of pediatric gastroenteritis, and unconventional infectious agents known as prions, which trigger fatal neurodegenerative diseases through unique protein misfolding mechanisms.


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