Incandescent vs LED light bulbs | Everything you need to know!

But what’s the difference between incandescent and LED bulbs? Should we still use incandescents in certain cases? What are the downsides of using LEDs? We’re going to answer all those questions and more in this video.

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Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0:29 How incandescent bulbs work
1:40 How LED bulbs work
2:54 Uses
3:54 Properties
4:50 Sponsorship
5:35 Cost
6:18 Heat
7:38 Color accuracy
8:52 Blue light issues
9:20 Conclusion

Let’s start with how incandescent light bulbs work. The key component is a 6 foot long coiled piece of tungsten metal. Tungsten has a very high melting point and high resistivity. Electricity has a difficult time passing though. The tungsten atoms are heated up and electrons temporarily move to higher energy levels. When the electrons move back to their original energy levels, they release extra energy as photons or light. This phenomenon is called incandescence. Two nickel-plated copper wires hold up the tungsten filament. These are connected to the aluminum foot of the bulb and the screw threads. An inert gas like argon or krypton fills the glass bulb. Ordinary air would rapidly oxidize the filament and the bulb would burn out in seconds.

Light Emitting Diode or LED bulbs work very differently. Their key component is a semiconducting material. They make up a diode that allows current to flow in only one direction. The n-type material has extra electrons and is negatively charged. The p-type material has electron deficient holes and is positively charged. Applying an electrical current to the diode pushes the atoms in both materials toward the junction area. Electrons move from the n-type material to the p-type material and release energy in the form of photons or light. In addition to the diode or chip, LED bulbs consist of a driver that regulates the input current, a heat sink that draws heat away from the chip, a socket or base and a lens made of durable plastic.

Incandescent bulbs have a shorter lifespan of 1,500 hours after which the tungsten element burns out. LEDs bulbs have a longer lifespan of 30,000 hours. Related to this is the concept of planned obsolescence. Incandescent fixtures in the past had a separate base and bulb. When the bulb burnt out, you could easily replace it and continue using the fixture. Nowadays, ultra-thin recessed LED lights like this one are fully integrated. If it stops working, you cannot simply replace a bulb.

Incandescent bulbs don’t have any electronics, so they can be used inside ovens or hoods. LEDs cannot withstand high temperatures so they should never be used in ovens. They can melt, release toxic fumes and cause health problems. Incandescent bulbs can take a while to warm up to their full brightness. Most LED bulbs are ‘instant on’ meaning that they will reach full brightness as soon as they are turned on. However, some cheap LEDs are sensitive to current.

All incandescent bulbs are dimmable. They can range from 100% all the way down to 0%. Not all LEDs are dimmable. If you try to cut off a portion of the electricity, you will strain the driver within your LEDs and decrease its lifespan. You should always make sure to get a compatible switch for dimmable LEDs. Buzzing or humming is another common problem of LED lighting. It is mainly due to vibration of the electronic components inside the lamp.

Incandescent bulbs are the purest artificial light source. Their spectrum is almost identical to daylight. The measurement of how colors look when lit by a bulb is called color rendering index or CRI. Incandescent bulbs have a CRI close to 100 or daylight. LED bulbs can vary drastically, from 80 to 98.

Let’s end this comparison by talking about blue light issues. There is a lot of ongoing research into the side effects of using LEDS. They emit more blue light than incandescent bulbs, which are more on the red end of the spectrum. Blue light can cause a disruption in your circadian rhythm and negatively affect your ability to fall asleep. They can also trigger migraines, cause eye fatigue, nausea and vision loss in extreme cases.
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SOURCES:
   • Tungsten  - The MOST REFRACTORY Metal...   Thoisoi2 - Chemical Experiments
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