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FEATURES OF INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE FARMING. Let us know about the features of intensive subsistence farming.Let us know why it is practised.Let us get the answer of whi is small landholding used for cultivation.Let know the regions where are they practised.Let us point out the differences between Primitive and Intensive Subsistence farming.

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~AGRICULTURE~
Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating plants and livestock.Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities.

~TYPES OF AGRICULTURE IN INDIA~
In India these are the types of agriculture that are practised based on the physical environment and socio-cultural practises.
Primitive Subsistence Farming.
Intensive Subsistence Farming.
Commercial Farming.
Plantation is a type of commercial farming in which a single crop is grown on a large area.

~ INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE FARMING ~

The term, ‘intensive subsistence agriculture’ is used to describe a type of agriculture characterised by high output per unit of land and relatively low output per worker. Although the nature of this agriculture has changed and in many areas now it is no more subsistence.

But despite changes the term ‘intensive subsistence’ is still used today to describe those agricultural systems which are clearly more sophisticated than the primitive agriculture. Sometimes it is also known as ‘monsoon type of agriculture’.

Location:
This form of agriculture is best developed in and practically confined to the monsoon lands of Asia. It is found in China, Japan, Korea, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the greater part of continental South-East Asia and parts of insular South-East Asia (Java, Luzon, Visayan Inlands, coastal Sumatra and Malaysia)
Farming in both the wet lowlands and the terraced uplands has to be very intensive to support a dense population. Population densities in some agricultural areas in Asia.
Characteristics:
The main characteristics of the intensive subsistence agriculture are as follows:

(i) Very small holdings:

Farms have been subdivided through many generations so they have become extremely small and often uneconomic to run. An average farm in Japan is approximately 0.6 hectare (about 1.5 acres) but in India and elsewhere in Asia farms may be even smaller.

(ii) Farming is very intensive:

In Monsoon Asia, the peasants are so ‘land hungry’ that every bit of tillable land is utilised for agriculture. The fields are separated only by narrow, handmade ridges and footpaths by which the farmers move around their farms.

(iii) Much hand labour is entailed:
Traditionally, much hand labour is required in wet paddy cultivation. Ploughing is done with the aid of buffaloes, the fields are raked by hand, the paddy is planted painstakingly in precise rows by the women, harvesting is done with sickles and threshing is done by hand. Farm implements are often still very simple.

The basic tools are simple ploughs, the cangkul, a kind of spade, and hoes. Nowadays machinery has been developed which is capable of working in the flooded fields and separate machines can plough, plant and harvest the padi.

Such machines are not yet widely used because most farmers cannot afford to buy them, but they are extensively used in more affluent Japan and are gradually spreading throughout Monsoon Asia.

(iv) Use of bio chemical inputs
To ensure high yields and continued fertility farmers make use of every available type of manure including farm wastes, rotten vegetables.
Increasing amounts of artificial fertilisers are now being used in Japan, India and China, usually with government advice or assistance. The basic ferti­lisers applied include phosphates, nitrates and potash, which help to replenish vital plant nutrients in the soil.

(v) Dominance of paddy and other food crops:

Paddy is the most dominating crop produced in intensive subsistence agriculture. But due to differences in relief, climate, soil and other geographical factors, it is not practicable to grow paddy in many parts of Monsoon Asia.

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#DEFINITION
#FEATURES OF INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE FARMING
#DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIMITIVE & INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE FARMING
#CLASS 10
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#SOCIAL SCIENCE