Imam Jafar Sadiq answering Abu Hanifa founder of largest sunni madhab 40 hardest questions

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Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad aṣ-Ṣādiq (Arabic: جَعْفَرُ ٱبْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلصَّادِقُ‎‎; 700 or 702–765 CE) known as Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (The Truthful), was an 8th-century Muslim scholar. He was the 6th Imam and founder of the Ja'fari school of jurisprudence according to Twelver and Isma'ili Shi'i. To Sunnis, he is a major figure in the Hanafi and Maliki schools of Sunni jurisprudence and was a teacher of the Sunni scholars Abu Hanifah and Malik ibn Anas] a transmitter of hadiths, therefore a prominent jurist for Sunnis, and a mystic to Sufis. Despite his wide-ranging attributions in a number religious disciplines, no works penned by Ja'far himself remain extant.

Al-Sadiq was born in either 700 or 702 CE. He inherited the position of imam from his father in his mid-thirties. As a Shi’a Imam, al-Sadiq stayed out of the political conflicts that embroiled the region, evading the many requests for support that he received from rebels. He was the victim of some harassment by the Abbasid caliphs, and was eventually, according to Shi’a Muslims, poisoned at the orders of the Caliph Al-Mansur. In addition to his connection with Sunni schools of Sunni jurisprudence, he was a significant figure in the formulation of Shia doctrine. The traditions recorded from al-Sadiq are said to be more numerous than all hadiths recorded from all other Shia imams combined. As the founder of Ja'fari jurisprudence, al-Sadiq also elaborated the doctrine of Nass (divinely inspired designation of each Imam by the previous Imam) and Ismah (the infallibility of the imams), as well as that of Taqiyyah.

The question of succession after al-Sadiq's death was the cause of division among Shi’a who considered his eldest son, Isma'il (who had reportedly died before his father) to be the next Imam, and those who believed his third son Musa al-Kadhim was the imam. The first group became known as the Ismailis and the second, larger, group was named Ja'fari or the Twelvers.

Born: 17 Rabiul Awwal 83 AH Medina, Hejaz, Umayyad
Died: 25th Shawwal 25, 765 Medina, Abbasid
Buried: Jannat al-Baqi
Spouse Fatimah bint Al-Hussain'l-Athram Hamīdah al-Barbariyyah
Children: Musa al-Kadhim, Isma'il ibn Jafar, Abdullah al-Aftah, Ishaq, Ali al-Uraidhi, Al-Abbas, Muhammad al-Dibaj, Fātimah, Umm Farwah, Asmaa
Parents: Muhammad al-Baqir Farwah bint al-Qasim
Era Islamic golden age

Al-Sadiq was thirty-four or thirty-seven when he inherited the position of Imamah or Imamate upon the death of his father Muhammad al-Baqir. He held the Imamate for 28 years, longer than any other Shi'ite Imam. His Imamate was a crucial period in Islamic history for both political and doctrinal areas. Prior to al-Sadiq, the majority of Shi'ites had preferred the revolutionary politics of Zaid (his uncle) to the mystical quietism of his father and grandfather] Zaid had claimed that the position of an Imam was conditional on his appearing publicly to claim his rights. Al-Sadiq, on the other hand, elaborated the doctrine of Imamate, which says "Imamate is not a matter of human choice or self-assertion," but that each Imam possesses a unique ʿIlm ('Knowledge') which qualifies him for the position. This knowledge was argued to have been passed down from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through the line of Ali ibn Abi Talib's immediate descendants. The doctrine of Nass or "divinely inspired designation of each imam by the previous imam", therefore, was completed by al-Sadiq. In spite of being designated as the Imam, al-Sadiq would not lay claim to the Caliphate during his lifetime

Al-Sadiq was arrested several times by Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs Hisham, As-Saffah, and Al-Mansur. He was particularly seen as a threat by the newly minted Abbasids who felt challenge by his strong claim to the title of caliph. When he died in 25th of Shawwal or 15th Rajab 148/765 at the age of 64 or 65, many Shi'i sources suspected that he was poisoned at the behest of Mansur. Al-Sadiq's death led to uncertainty about the succession of the Imamate. He was buried in Medina, in Jannatul Baqee cemetery and his tomb was a place of pilgrimage until 1926. It was then that the Wahhabis under Ibn Saud, the founding King of Saudi Arabia, conquered Medina for the second time, and razed the tomb, along with all other prominent Islamic shrines, with the exception of that of the Islamic prophet.

Upon hearing the news of al-Sadiq's death, Mansur wanted to put an end to the Imamate. Mansur reportedly wrote to the governor of Medina, commanding him to read the imam's testament, and to behead the person named in it as the future imam. However, the governor found that al-Sadiq had chosen four people rather than one: Mansur himself, the governor, the Imam's oldest son Abdullah al-Aftah, and Musa al-Kazim, his younger son

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