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Electrolysis
વિધુતવિભાજન
Electrochemistry
12th science chemistry

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Electrolysis is a process where you use electrical energy (electricity) to make a chemical reaction happen that wouldn't happen otherwise. Electrolysis is often used to break a chemical compound down into the elements that make it up. Here, we'll look at the electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen, and the electrolysis of sodium chloride into sodium and chlorine. In electrolysis, electrons get pushed by a battery into the cathode (the site of reduction), and they get pulled by a battery from the anode (the side of oxidation)

Electrolysis is electrical current flow through a liquid which causes chemical changes. The liquid can be a molten ionic compound or aqueous solution.

The liquid will contain free-flowing positive ions and negative ions. The positive ions are called cations, and the negative ions are called anions.

Electrodes are submerged in the liquid (electrolyte solution) and connected to an electrical cell.

The electrons will start to flow in the wires and this will cause one electrode to become positively charged (the anode) and the other negatively charged (the cathode). This has an immediate knock-on effect in the molten liquid, and the ions in it.

The positive ions in the liquid (electrolyte) are attracted to the negative electrode (cathode).

The negative ions in the liquid (electrolyte), is going to be attracted to the positive electrode (anode).

This is because opposite electrical charges attract.

When the ions meet the electrodes, electron exchange happens and this triggers a chemical reaction.

Remember that electrolysis can also take place in ionic solutions as well as molten compounds.

The more concentrated the solution, the greater the ion flow rate. Ion flow rate can also be increased by increasing the potential difference or voltage across the cell