Скачать или смотреть 藝苑掇英 Charles M. Russell 查爾斯·拉塞爾 Charles Marion 查爾斯·馬里昂 (186-1926) Romanticism American

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Born Charles Marion Russell in the town of Oak Hill near St. Louis, Missouri, Charlie dreamed of being a cowboy almost from the beginning of his life. As a child he listened to stories told by his grandmother, Lucy Bent Russell, of the adventures of her brothers, the Bent Boys, who were famous frontier adventurers. He also spent a great deal of time down at the docks along the Mississippi River listening for stories from the explorers and fur traders that passed through town. Russell's childhood was the beginning of an intense interest in art. He was forever drawing and making small figurines out of any materials he could find. Impressed with the skill of this small boy, a family friend gave Charlie a slice of beeswax. From that day on he was known to carry wax which he would pull out of his pocket and create small models for his friends.
The Russell's were a prominent family in the St. Louis area. Charlie's great grandfather had been Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Missouri Territory. His father was the wealthy owner of Oak Hill Firebrick and Tile Works and had hopes for his son to take over the family business one day. Charlie was bent on discovering his own version of the "wild west" and had no interest in the business of his father or even in his school studies. When he was fourteen he ran away to the wilds of Montana, but was returned home. In the hope that boarding school would change their son's mind, the family sent him to a military school in New Jersey where he lasted only a semester.
Finally his parents realized there was to be no dissuading their son from following his dream, and they sent him to a friend's ranch in the Judith Basin of Montana to spend the summer. This was a few days before Charlie's 18th birthday in 1880. He remained in Montana for the next 46 years.
An important part of his introduction to the West was the year and a half he spent with an experienced hunter named Jake Hoover, who taught him the habits of animals and the secrets of nature in the wild. Russell then worked for cattle ranches for several years as a night herder. That left him time to paint the colorful activities of life on the ranch in the daytime. In February of 1887 the course of Russell's artistic career made a sharp upward turn. After a particularly hard winter a friend of Charlie's was trying to describe the condition of the herd to his boss in a letter. To illustrate, Charlie did a small drawing of a half-frozen steer surrounded by wolves. He called it, "Waiting for Chinook." The ranch owner in Helena, Montana showed the drawing to several of his friends and acquaintances and eventually commissions started rolling in. His first national exposure came from one of his sketches appearing in Harper's Weekly in 1888.
Throughout his life Charlie had a reputation for being a friendly generous person. He often gave his artwork away to his friends and had no concept that it could earn him a living. In 1896 he married Nancy Cooper and within the year they moved to Great Falls with the idea it would be a good place to market Charlie's work. They didn't find people interested in cowboy and Indian paintings, so they began to look for commissions back east. Nancy was an excellent business manager of her husband's art and very soon they were making a very good living from his paintings.
Charlie出生於密蘇里州聖路易斯附近橡樹山鎮的查爾斯馬里昂拉塞爾，幾乎從一生開始就夢想成為一名牛仔。小時候，他聽取了祖母露西·本特·拉塞爾（Lucy Bent Russell）講述她的兄弟Bent Boys的故事，這些故事都是著名的邊境冒險家。他還花了很多時間在密西西比河沿岸的碼頭上聆聽來自穿過城鎮的探險家和皮毛商人的故事。拉塞爾的童年是藝術濃厚興趣的開始。他一直在用他能找到的任何材料畫出並製作小雕像。對這個小男孩的技巧印象深刻，一位家庭朋友給查理一片蜜蠟。從那天開始，他就知道他帶著蠟，他會從口袋裡掏出來為他的朋友們製作小模特。
羅素是聖路易斯地區的一個著名家庭。查理的曾祖父曾擔任密蘇里州最高法院的首席大法官。他的父親是Oak Hill Firebrick和Tile Works的富有老闆，並希望他的兒子有一天可以接管家族生意。查理一心想發現他自己的“狂野西部”版本，對他父親的事業甚至學校學習都沒有興趣。當他十四歲時，他跑到蒙大拿州的野外，但被送回了家。希望寄宿學校改變他們儿子的思想，家人把他送到新澤西州的一所軍校，在那裡他只持續了一個學期。
最後，他的父母意識到他們的兒子無法阻止他的夢想，他們把他送到蒙大拿州朱迪思盆地的一個朋友的牧場度過了夏天。這是查理1880年18歲生日前幾天。他在接下來的46年裡一直留在蒙大拿州。
他向西方介紹的一個重要部分是他與一位經驗豐富的獵人Jake Hoover一起度過的一年半時間，他教會了他在野外的動物習性和自然秘密。拉塞爾作為夜間牧民在牧場工作了幾年。這讓他有時間在白天畫出牧場上豐富多彩的生活活動。 1887年2月，拉塞爾藝術生涯的進程急劇上升。在一個特別艱難的冬天之後，查理的一位朋友試圖在一封信中向老闆描述這群牛的狀況。為了說明這一點，查理做了一個由狼群圍繞的半冷凍轉向的小畫。他稱之為“等待奇努克”。蒙大拿州海倫娜的牧場老闆向他的幾個朋友和熟人展示了這幅畫，並最終開始進行委託。他的第一次全國曝光來自於他在1888年出現在哈珀周刊中的一幅素描。
在他的一生中，查理以成為一個友善慷慨的人而聞名。他經常把他的作品送給他的朋友，並沒有任何關於他可以謀生的概念。 1896年，他與Nancy Cooper結婚，並在一年內搬到大瀑布城，並認為這將成為推銷查理工作的好地方。他們沒有發現人們對牛仔和印度畫作感興趣，所以他們開始尋找回到東方的佣金。南希是她丈夫藝術的優秀業務經理，很快他們就從他的畫作中獲得了很好的生活。