Скачать или смотреть Bureaucratic Indian Empires | Mauryan, Gupta, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal | Ep. 2 | Ilhan Niaz

The dominant form of the state in South Asia has historically been the continental bureaucratic empire. The Mauryan Empire (around 300 BC), known for figures like Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka, displayed a centralized, regimented, and bureaucratic polity.

The Gupta Empire, the Delhi Sultanate, and the Mughal Empire were similar polities. The Mughal Empire had a bureaucratic state with a dominant service nobility class called the mansabdars, who managed land revenue, royal armies, and local governance, concentrating power in the royal household.

With the advent of British colonialism, a state of laws was introduced, resulting in significant changes to the dominant governance model. The state ceased to be the ruler's personal estate, distinguished public and private property, and became substantively secular, especially after 1858. The British subordinated the military to the civilian government, introduced merit-based recruitment for public services, and established autonomous institutions like public service commissions, the judiciary, and political parties.

By the time the British left, they left a hybrid state structure, enabling India and Pakistan to evolve into legal democracies post-independence.

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