NCERT Class 11 World History Theme 8: Confrontation of Cultures | Aztecs, Incas, Mayas

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Aspects of the encounters between Europeans and the people of the Americas between 15th & 17th century
The first to do this were the Spanish and the Portuguese. They persuaded the Pope to give them the exclusive right to rule over any new regions they might locate. Christopher Columbus, an Italian, sponsored by the rulers of Spain, sailed west in 1492 to reach Indies (considered India based on Travels of Marco Polo)
There were small subsistence economies in the Caribbean region and in Brazil. There were also powerful monarchical systems based on well-developed agriculture and mining. These, like the Aztecs and Mayas of central America and the Incas of Peru, also had monumental architecture
Beginning of slave trade with Europe (slaves from Africa to plantations and mines in America)
Europeans destroyed their manuscripts and monuments
The Inca city of Machu Picchu was rediscovered in 1911
The Europeans who went to the Americas kept log-books and diaries of their journeys. There are records left by officials and Jesuit missionaries – they mentioned more about European settlements and least about local people
South America was densely forested and mountainous, and the Amazon, the world’s largest river, flows through miles of dense forest. In Mexico, in central America, there were densely settled areas of habitation along coast and in the plains
just as in 1776 the thirteen North American colonies rebelled against Britain and formed the United States of America
Spanish and Portuguese, two of the main languages of South & Central America, are part of the Latin family of languages and hence named as Latin America. The inhabitants are mostly native European (called Creole), European, and African by origin. Most of them are Catholics.

Chapters:
0:00 NCERT Class 11 World History Theme 8: Confrontation of Cultures
0:24 Latin America
4:23 North America
5:10 Local Communities
13:12 Aztecs Civilization
16:28 Mayas
17:56 Incas
22:08 Quipu
23:30 European Voyages
29:23 Christopher Columbus
35:18 Spain Empire in America
36:48 Cortes and the Aztecs
43:36 Pizarro and the Incas
47:33 Cabral and Brazil
52:23 Developments with Discoveries
55:02 Changes and Economic Motives
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