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3.2.2 Logic Gates and their Functions
Logic gates are physical devices in electronic circuits that perform Boolean
operations. Each type of logic gate corresponds to a basic Boolean operation.
Examples of the logic gates are:
AND Gate: Implements the AND function. It outputs true only when both inputs
are True (1)
George Boole, a mathematician who invented Boolean algebra
was born in Lincoln, England in the year 1815. His work laid the
debate and the basis for future digital revolution and computer
science as well as subsequent technologies of the future.
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Imagine a simple electronic circuit with an AND gate. If you press two switches
(both must be ON), a light bulb will turn on.
• Switch 1: ON (True)
• Switch 2: ON (True)
• Light bulb: ON (True) because both switches are ON.
If either switch is OFF, the light bulb will be OFF.
OR Gate: Implements the OR function. It outputs true when at least one input
is true.
Figure 3.3: AND Gate
Figure 3.4: OR Gate
NOT Gate: Implements the NOT function. It outputs the opposite of the input.
See Figure 3.4
Figure 3.5: NOT Gate
NAND Gate: This gate is achieved when an AND gate is combined with a NOT
gate. It generates true when at least one of the inputs is false. In other words,
it is the inverse of the AND gate, as presented in Figure 3.6.
Figure 3.6: NAND Gate
Example:
Imagine a safety system where an alarm should go on if either one of two sensors
detects an issue.
• Sensor 1: No issue (False)
• Sensor 2: Issue detected (True)
• Alarm: ON (True) because one sensor detects an issue.
XOR Gate:
The XOR (Exclusive OR) gate outputs true only when exactly one of the inputs is
true. It differs from the OR gate in that it does not output true when both inputs
are true. It is shown in Figure 3.7.
Figure 3.7: XOR Gate
Example:
Imagine a scenario where you can either play video games or do homework, but
not both at the same time.
• Play video games: Yes (True)
• Do homework: No (False)
• Allowed? Yes (True) because only one activity is being done.
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