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Stereochemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms and molecules in space. This includes the study of how the molecular structure of a substance affects its physical and chemical properties.

In stereochemistry, the terms stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, optical isomerism, and chirality are commonly used to describe the different arrangements of atoms within a molecule. Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same chemical formula and sequence of atoms, but differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space. Enantiomers are a type of stereoisomer that are mirror images of each other and cannot be superimposed on each other. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other.

Optical isomerism refers to the property of certain stereoisomers to rotate the plane of polarized light. Chirality is a term used to describe the handedness of a molecule, i.e. whether it is left-handed or right-handed.

Stereochemistry is important in many areas of chemistry, including organic synthesis, pharmacology, and biochemistry. The understanding of stereochemistry is crucial for the development of new drugs and the design of chemical reactions.