E.coli in Poultry Use ALCAEU |

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#poultry_pathshala

Often, at the flock level, the first indication of a problem is a marginal increase in overnight mortality. Severity of the outbreak is normally greater when deaths are recorded during the day. Droppings from birds with colibacillosis submitted for necropsy. Feces are green with white to yellow urates because of anorexia and dehydration. Chronic lameness leads to coating of the vent and abdominal feathers with droppings. Birds with colisepticemia are often terminally moribund.
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) - Virulance Fators
Adhesins (fimbrial or nonfimbrial). They allow bacteria to adhere to cell surfaces. (AEEC).
Toxins. E. coli causing colibacillosis in birds are not particularly toxigenic. Pigeons, are reservoirs for shigatoxin (stx) producing E. coli (STEC), a potential zoonosis. Infected pigeons are healthy carriers.
Iron acquisition mechanisms. This attribute is a key component of the pathogenesis of avian colibacillosis.
Protectins. The ability to resist complement and other components of the immune defenses is an attribute of APEC.
Invasins. Some APEC strains harbor the ibeA gene permitting the invasion of microvascular endothelial cells in the brain.
The majority of APEC infections are extraintestinal
Some APEC have characteristics associated with intestinal E. coli pathotypes, including enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC).
APEC strains with diverse gene compositions can be associated with the same clinical expression.
Number of different localized and systemic infections caused by an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)
Worldwide distribution
Takes advantage of impaired host defenses
Co-infections along with overcrowding
Many outbreaks occur in poultry raised under a low standard of sanitation, poor environmental conditions, or after a respiratory or immunosuppressive disease.
Infections include airsacculitis, cellulitis, omphalitis, peritonitis, salpingitis, synovitis, septicemia and coligranuloma.
Infection is more frequent in young than mature birds.
Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, non-sporeforming bacillus that readily grows under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at a temperature range of 18-44°C and at a pH between 4.5 and 9.
E. coli is present in the intestine of birds and mammals and is disseminated widely in feces.
Birds are continuously exposed through contaminated feces, water, dust, and environment.
Any time a bird’s resistance to disease is impaired, pathogenic or facultative pathogenic strains may infect the bird. Sequestered E. coli in such sites as the intestine, nasal passages, air sacs, or reproductive tract may be a latent source of infection.
In many cases chicks hatched with infected breeders are latent carriers of E.coli. Its get activated with stress.