Скачать или смотреть carbohydrate | Asymmetric carbon atom , optical activity and optical isomerism in monosaccharides

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الجزء الأول ( المقدمة ) :
1- Asymmetric “ chiral ” carbon atom 00:11
2- Chiral carbon of aldoses 2:53
3- Chiral carbon of ketoses 7:44

الجزء الثاني :
1- optical activity 11:57
dextrorotatory and levorotatory
dextrose and levulose

الجزء الثالث :
1- optical isomerism 15:17
Enantiomers and reference sugar 15:38
Anomers & monosaccharides cyclization 20:12
Epimers and epimeric carbon 32:05
( functional isomerism ) 34:23

2- number of isomers in monosaccharides 35:17


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في هذا الفديو سنتحدث عن تكوين السكريات الأحادية ( Monosaccharides Configuration )
An asymmetric or chiral carbon atom is a carbon atom that is attached to four different groups or atoms, resulting in non-superimposable mirror image structures. All monosaccharides, except for dihydroxyacetone, contain at least one asymmetric carbon atom. The number of chiral carbon atoms in aldoses (monosaccharides with an aldehyde group) is equal to the number of carbon atoms minus two, while in ketoses (monosaccharides with a ketone group), it is equal to the number of carbon atoms minus three.

The optical activity of monosaccharides refers to their ability to rotate plane-polarized light. If a substance rotates the light to the right, it is called dextrorotatory, while rotation to the left is called levorotatory. Two commonly known monosaccharides that exhibit optical activity are dextrose (also known as D-glucose) and levulose (also known as D-fructose).

Monosaccharides can exhibit optical isomerism, meaning they can exist in more than one form (isomer). There are four types of isomers: enantiomers (D and L forms), which are mirror images of each other; anomers (alpha and beta forms), which differ in the spatial arrangement of the hydroxyl group at the anomeric carbon; epimers, which differ in the spatial arrangement of hydroxyl groups at one or more carbons; and aldose-ketose isomers, which are functional isomers that differ in the presence of either an aldehyde or a ketone group.

The number of isomers can be calculated based on the different possibilities of arranging functional groups around the asymmetric carbon atoms. The cyclization process and mutarotation of monosaccharides are important phenomena. In the presence of water, monosaccharides can undergo cyclization, forming cyclic structures. For example, glucose can cyclize to form a six-membered ring structure called pyranose, while fructose can cyclize to form a five-membered ring structure called furanose. Mutarotation refers to the interconversion between different cyclic forms of monosaccharides in aqueous solutions, resulting in equilibrium between the alpha and beta anomers.
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كلمات مفتاحية | key words :
شرح optical isomers of monosaccharides
شرح optical activity of monosaccharides
شرح optical isomers of carbohydrates
شرح optical activity of carbohydrates
optical isomers of glucose
optical activity of glucose
optical isomers of fructose
optical activity of fructose
isomerism in sugars
isomerism in carbohydrates
isomerism in monosaccharides
physical properties of monosaccharides
stereoisomerism in carbohydrates
sugar isomers
stereoisomerism in monosaccharides
optical isomerism
define optical isomerism
,geometric isomerism
enantiomers
,reference sugar
anomers
cyclization and mutarotation of carbohydrates
cyclization monosaccharides
cyclization of carbohydrates
cyclization of glucose in water
cyclization of fructose in water
epimers
functional isomerism
aldose-ketose isomerism
asymmetric carbon atom
chiral carbon atom
mirror image
physical properties of monosaccharides

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علامات تصنيف | hashtags :
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