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The Civil Disobedience Movement was a significant phase in India’s struggle for independence from British rule. It was launched by Mahatma Gandhi on 12 March 1930, starting with the Dandi March.

Here’s a concise summary:

Background:

After the Simon Commission and rejection of Indian demands by the British government, Gandhi and the Congress demanded Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) in 1929.

The movement aimed to break unjust British laws through non-violent means.


Key Events:

1. Dandi March (Salt March):

Gandhi walked 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, Gujarat, to make salt from seawater, defying the Salt Law.

This act became a symbol of resistance and sparked nationwide protests.



2. Widespread Participation:

People refused to pay taxes, boycotted British goods, picketed liquor shops, and broke salt laws across the country.

Women, students, peasants, and tribal groups joined in large numbers.



3. British Response:

The government responded with mass arrests—Gandhi and many Congress leaders were jailed.

There was heavy repression, including violence by police on peaceful protestors.



4. Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931):

An agreement to end the movement temporarily.

Gandhi agreed to attend the Second Round Table Conference in London, but it failed.



5. Revival and Suppression:

The movement resumed after the conference but was brutally crushed by the British.




Impact:

It united Indians across regions and social groups in the fight for independence.

It exposed the repressive nature of British rule and brought global attention to India’s cause.

Set the stage for future movements, especially the Quit India Movement (1942).


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