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sure! in python, decorators are a powerful tool that allow you to modify or enhance the behavior of functions or methods. a function decorator is simply a function that takes another function as an argument and extends or alters its behavior.

what is a function decorator?

a function decorator is a higher-order function that wraps another function to add functionality before or after the wrapped function is executed. this can be useful for tasks like logging, enforcing access control, instrumentation, caching, and more.

basic structure of a decorator

here's a simple outline of how a decorator is structured:

1. define a decorator function that takes a function as an argument.
2. inside the decorator, define a wrapper function that calls the original function and adds any additional behavior.
3. return the wrapper function from the decorator.

example: a simple logging decorator

let’s create a simple decorator that logs when a function is called.

#### step 1: define the decorator



#### step 2: use the decorator

now, let’s apply this decorator to a simple function:



#### step 3: call the decorated function

now, when you call the `add` function, it will also log its calls:



complete code example

here’s the complete example in one block:



output

when you run the above code, you'll see output similar to:



explanation

**decorator definition**: the `log_function_call` function is defined as a decorator. it takes a function `func` as an argument.
**wrapper function**: inside the decorator, we define a `wrapper` function that:
logs the function call and its arguments.
calls the original function and stores the result.
logs the result and returns it.
**applying the decorator**: the `@log_function_call` syntax is a shorthand for `add = log_function_call(add)`, which applies the decorator to the `add` function.

conclusion

function decorators in python are a clean and powerful way to extend the behavior of func ...

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