Скачать или смотреть Oren Zarif Cost | Mushroom poisoning

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Mushroom poisoning, or mycetism, occurs after ingestion of toxic mushroom species. While many wild mushrooms are harmless, some contain lethal toxins such as amatoxins, gyromitrins, muscarine, or orellanine. Poisoning is often accidental, as toxic species can closely resemble edible varieties.

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Symptoms depend on the toxin ingested. Amatoxin-containing mushrooms, such as Amanita phalloides (death cap), cause severe gastrointestinal upset followed by liver and kidney failure. Muscarine-containing mushrooms produce excessive salivation, sweating, and bradycardia. Orellanine can cause delayed kidney damage, while psilocybin mushrooms induce hallucinations and psychological effects.

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Diagnosis relies on history of mushroom ingestion, symptom patterns, and sometimes identification of the mushroom itself. Laboratory studies assess organ function, particularly liver and kidney tests.

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Treatment is largely supportive, with emphasis on stabilizing the patient, correcting dehydration, and preventing toxin absorption through activated charcoal. Specific therapies exist for some toxins, such as atropine for muscarinic symptoms and high-dose penicillin or silibinin for amatoxin poisoning. In cases of acute liver failure, liver transplantation may be required.

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Outcomes vary widely, from full recovery to fatal organ failure. Early recognition, aggressive supportive care, and specialist consultation are critical in improving survival.