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A monorail is a railway in which the track consists of a single rail or a beam. The term is also used to describe the beam of the system, or the trains traveling on such a beam or track.

The term originates from joining "mono" (meaning one) and "rail" (meaning rail) from 1897,[1] possibly from German engineer Eugen Langen, who called an elevated railway system with wagons suspended the Eugen Langen One-railed Suspension Tramway (Einschieniges Hängebahnsystem Eugen Langen).

Chongqing Rail Transit has the longest and busiest monorail system in the world, Line 3 being the longest and busiest single monorail line.

Line 2 of CRT runs southeastward from Jiaochangkou to Yudong. Line 2 began operation as the first metro line in the West of China on 18 June 2005. It was subsequently expanded 1 June 2006 from Zoo to Xinshancun, and on 30 December 2014 to Yudong. The line was China's first heavy monorail line, built using Hitachi Monorail technology.


Line 2, which currently runs 29.9 km (18.6 mi) and services 25 stations, begins as a subway under downtown Jiefangbei, then runs west along the southern bank of the Jialing River on an elevated line, and then turns south into the city's southwestern inner suburbs, looping back east to terminate at Yudong in Ba'nan.

The Chongqing Rail Transit (branded as CRT; also known as Chongqing Metro) is the rapid transit system in the city of Chongqing, China. In operation since 2005, it serves the transportation needs of the city's main business and entertainment downtown areas and inner suburbs. As of January 2021, CRT consisted of eight lines, with a total track length of 370 km (230 mi).[3] Lines 1, 4, 5, 6, 10 and the Loop line are conventional heavy-rail subways, while Lines 2 and 3 are high-capacity monorails. To keep up with urban growth, construction is under way on Lines 9, 18 and Jiangtiao line, in addition to extensions to Lines 1, 4, 5, 6, 10 and the Loop line. A network of 18 lines is planned.

The Chongqing Rail Transit is a unique transit system in China because of the geography of Chongqing being a densely-populated but mountainous city, with multiple river valleys. Two lines use heavy-monorail technology, leveraging the ability to negotiate steep grades and tight curves and rapid transit capacity. They are capable of transporting 32,000 passengers per hour per direction.[4] At 98 km (61 mi),[5] the system's two monorail lines form the longest monorail system in the world,[6] with the 56.1 km (34.9 mi) Line 3 being the world's longest single monorail line even if the 11.0 km (6.8 mi) Airport branch is excluded.[7][8] The length and the capacity of its monorail network both also make it the world's busiest monorail system, with a total of 94 million and 250 million rides in 2015 on Line 2 and Line 3, respectively.[9] The latter ridership statistic for Line 3 also makes it the world's busiest single monorail line.

The extreme difference in elevation between the river valleys and the hilly plateaus of Chongqing pose a unique challenge in designing alignments for conventional rail transit lines. The network currently has the world's highest metro-only bridge, the Caijia Rail Transit Bridge for Line 6, spanning the Jialing River valley, with the bridge deck being approximately 100 m above the water.[10] Hongtudi station is the deepest subway station in China and the second-deepest station in the world, after the Kyiv Metro's Arsenalna, with Line 10's platforms being more than 94 m (308 ft) below the surface.[11] Liyuchi station, also on Line 10, is the second-deepest station in China, being 76 m (249 ft) below the surface.[12]

The Chongqing Rail Transit is also in the process of constructing a number of extremely-long metro-only suspension bridges. The 1,650 m (5,410 ft) long Egongyan Rail Transit Bridge carries the southern arc of the Loop line across the Yangtze River using a 600 m (2,000 ft) long suspension main span, making it the longest cable supported metro-only bridge by main span in the world.[13] The Nanjimen Bridge will carry Line 10 trains across a 1,225 m (4,019 ft) cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 480 m (1,570 ft), making it the longest metro-only cable-stayed bridge by main span in the world.[14] The Gaojiahuayuan Rail Transit Bridge carries the western arc of the Loop line over the Jialing River using a long 594 m (1,949 ft) bridge with a main span of 340 m (1,120 ft).[15] Finally, the Chongqing Rail Transit has numerous double-deck bridges carrying vehicle and metro traffic, such as the Chaotianmen Bridge, which is the world's longest arch bridge.