Скачать или смотреть 🌊 Subansiri Hydropower Explained | UPSC Environment & Geography

After nearly 20 years, India’s largest hydropower project has finally turned operational — the Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project on the Subansiri River, located at the Assam–Arunachal Pradesh border. With a planned capacity of 2000 MW, the first 250 MW unit has now been commissioned.

But this project is far more than an electricity story. It is a classic UPSC case study where Geography, Environment, and Governance intersect. The Subansiri, the largest tributary of the Brahmaputra, gives this dam strategic importance — not only for energy security in the Northeast, but also for flood moderation, with a claimed 442 million cubic metre flood cushion for downstream Assam.

The long delay tells an equally important story. Construction began in 2005, but between 2011 and 2019, the project remained stalled due to anti-dam protests, seismic safety concerns, and fears of ecological damage. Located in one of India’s most seismically active regions, large dams in the Northeast have always sparked intense debate. The cost escalation — from ₹6,285 crore to nearly ₹27,000 crore — further highlights governance and planning challenges.

For UPSC aspirants, Subansiri is a reminder that hydropower is renewable, but not impact-free. It reflects the trade-off between clean energy and ecological risk, the importance of river-basin level planning and cascaded dams, and the strategic role of the Northeast in India’s national grid and Net Zero ambitions.

Ultimately, this project reinforces a core UPSC lesson — infrastructure is not just engineering; it is a balance between people, planet, and policy.
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