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The New Safe Confinement (NSC) dome, often simply called the Chernobyl containment dome, is a staggering achievement of international cooperation and engineering ingenuity. Constructed to encase the hastily-built, deteriorating "Sarcophagus" over the exploded Reactor 4, the arch-shaped structure is the largest movable land-based structure ever built, weighing over 36,000 tons. Its primary purpose is to safely confine the highly radioactive material for at least 100 years, preventing the release of contaminants and protecting the area from harsh weather that could lead to the Sarcophagus's catastrophic collapse. The sheer scale and ambition of this $2.1 billion project—standing 108 meters tall with a 257-meter span—cement its place as one of the most critical and complex civil engineering feats of the 21st century.

What makes the NSC truly amazing is the brilliant and daring construction method employed to minimize human exposure to radiation. The massive dome was assembled hundreds of meters away from the contaminated reactor site, with crews working in a comparatively safe environment. Once completed, this colossal arch was slowly and precisely slid into place over the reactor on specially built rails and hydraulic jacks—a monumental maneuver that took 15 days to complete. Inside, it houses advanced remote-controlled cranes and equipment designed to safely dismantle the unstable original Sarcophagus and remove the remaining radioactive debris, ultimately allowing for the final decommissioning of the site in a safe, controlled environment.