Not Ideal: The Van der Waals equation of state (Part 2)

The first non-ideal gas law - the van der Waals equation of state: history, derivation, implications, and why we teach it... but don't necessary apply it.

See Part 1 on the critical point and 3D phase diagrams:
   • The Critical Point is Not the end of ...  
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** References **
B. Berche, M. Henkel, R. Kenna; Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física (2009) DOI: 10.1590/S1806-11172009000200015
C. Cagniard de la Tour, Ann. Chim. Phys., 21 (1822) 127-132; Supplément, ibid., 178-182.
R. C. Weast (1972). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 53rd Edition. Chemical Rubber Pub.
E. Clementi, D.L.Raimondi, and W.P. Reinhardt, J. Chem. Phys. (1963). 38, 2686.
Thermal Fluids Central (Global Digital Central), http://www.thermalfluidscentral.org/e...
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/F...
https://www.webelements.com/
https://www.wikipedia.org/
Grant Sanderson, "Math's pedagogical curse | Grant Sanderson JPBM Award Lecture, JMM 2023"    • Math's pedagogical curse | Grant Sand...  

** Images **
P. G. Tait, A. C. Brown: Frontispiece of The Scientific Papers of the Late Thomas Andrews. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
Yasrena: Brownian motion of 350 nm polymer nanoparticles, CC BY-SA 4.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
E. Rossen: Atomically resolved STM image of clean Au(100). https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Image by kues1 on Freepik. https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/ol...
G. Kneller: Portrait of Isaac Newton. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
O. J. Turner: Photograph of Albert Einstein. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...