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Huang Lingyi: The "Mother of China's Computer Chips"
Huang Lingyi, a name etched in history, has rewritten the story of China’s chip development. How did she lead the "China Chip" to become a global force?
In the global battle for semiconductor dominance, China was long a latecomer, facing immense challenges. The country was heavily dependent on imported chips, with annual import costs soaring into the hundreds of billions of dollars—even exceeding oil imports. Foreign companies implemented a technological blockade, refusing to sell key technologies and high-end equipment, in an attempt to keep China's chip industry permanently suppressed. China's chip industry was like a giant trapped in a dark cage, powerful but unable to act. Yet, in this darkest hour, one person stepped forward: Huang Lingyi, the "Mother of China's Computer Chips."

A Childhood Forged by Turmoil and Patriotism
Born in Nanning, Guangxi, in 1936, Huang Lingyi’s childhood was spent amidst the chaos of war, with her country ravaged and its people displaced. She witnessed her countrymen being killed by Japanese bombers, and this early experience planted a seed of patriotism in her heart. She vowed to study hard and serve her nation, so that her people would never again suffer such humiliation.
Huang Lingyi excelled academically and was admitted to Huazhong Institute of Technology (now Huazhong University of Science and Technology). Later, she was recommended to Tsinghua University to specialize in semiconductor devices, a field that would become her life's work. In 1960, she turned down a teaching position at Tsinghua and returned to her alma mater, where she founded a semiconductor major and China's first semiconductor laboratory. Despite extremely difficult conditions, she led her team to develop China’s first semiconductor diode in just over six months.
In 1962, Huang Lingyi was transferred to the Institute of Computing Technology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). In 1965, the country formed the Institute’s Second Department to tackle bottlenecks in the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" program, focusing on microcomputers and transistors. This was China's first chip research team. Faced with a severe lack of data, equipment, talent, and raw materials, Huang Lingyi never wavered. She divided her team into three shifts, while she, as a team leader, spent at least 14 hours a day in the lab. After a year of艰苦 effort, the team successfully developed a semiconductor transistor and assembled China's first space computer, the "156 Component Computer," for the Dongfanghong I satellite. This