Mushroom Cultivation | B.sc 1st Sem | Cultivation of Mushroom in Hindi | By Swati Ma'am | NEP 2020

Mushroom cultivation involves growing fungi for food, medicine, or other purposes. Unlike plants, mushrooms do not perform photosynthesis; instead, they decompose organic matter to obtain nutrients. This process makes them an essential part of ecosystems and a valuable resource in agriculture.

1. Mushroom Biology

Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of fungi, typically comprising a cap, gills (or pores), and a stem. The fungal organism consists of a network of hyphae (thread-like structures) that form the mycelium, the main growth phase of the fungus. Mycelium spreads through the substrate (the material in which the fungus grows), breaking down organic matter to obtain nutrients.

Types of Mushrooms

There are many types of edible mushrooms, each with unique requirements:

Agaricus bisporus (Button Mushroom): Commonly grown in composted manure.
Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom): Grows on a variety of substrates, including straw and sawdust.
Lentinula edodes (Shiitake Mushroom): Typically cultivated on logs or sawdust.

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