Amsterdam | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Amsterdam


00:03:35 1 Etymology
00:04:25 2 History
00:04:34 2.1 Founding and Middle Ages
00:06:00 2.2 Conflict with Spain
00:06:57 2.3 Centre of the Dutch Golden Age
00:08:02 2.4 Decline and modernisation
00:09:10 2.5 20th century–present
00:14:16 3 Geography
00:15:22 3.1 Water
00:16:03 3.2 Climate
00:18:02 4 Demographics
00:18:11 4.1 Historical population
00:20:51 4.2 Immigration
00:23:26 4.3 Religion
00:27:53 4.4 Diversity and immigration
00:28:34 5 Cityscape and architecture
00:29:44 5.1 Canals
00:31:51 5.2 Expansion
00:33:44 5.3 Architecture
00:36:51 5.4 Parks and recreational areas
00:38:41 6 Economy
00:40:31 6.1 Port of Amsterdam
00:41:33 6.2 Tourism
00:42:57 6.2.1 Red light district
00:43:32 6.3 Retail
00:45:12 6.4 Fashion
00:46:03 7 Culture
00:47:30 7.1 Museums
00:51:44 7.2 Music
00:55:39 7.3 Performing arts
00:58:00 7.4 Nightlife
00:59:31 7.5 Festivals
01:00:55 7.6 Sports
01:02:59 8 Politics
01:03:57 8.1 City government
01:07:06 8.2 Metropolitan area
01:09:31 8.3 National capital
01:10:41 8.4 Symbols
01:12:12 9 Transport
01:12:21 9.1 Metro, tram and bus
01:13:37 9.2 Car
01:15:13 9.3 National rail
01:16:10 9.4 Airport
01:16:55 9.5 Cycling
01:17:47 10 Education
01:20:03 11 Notable people
01:21:03 11.1 Entertainment
01:22:06 11.2 Sport
01:25:58 11.3 Originating from elsewhere
01:27:23 12 Media
01:29:12 13 Housing
01:29:52 14 See also
01:30:05 15 Notes and references
01:30:15 15.1 Literature
01:32:00 16 See also
01:32:12 17 External links



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Socrates



SUMMARY
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Amsterdam (, UK also ; Dutch: [ɑmstərˈdɑm] (listen)) is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Netherlands. Its status as the capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands, although it is not the seat of the government, which is The Hague. Amsterdam has a population of 851,373 within the city proper, 1,351,587 in the urban area and 2,410,960 in the metropolitan area. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country but is not its capital, which is Haarlem. The metropolitan area comprises much of the northern part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe, with a population of approximately 8 million.Amsterdam's name derives from Amstelredamme, indicative of the city's origin around a dam in the river Amstel. Originating as a small fishing village in the late 12th century, Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age (17th century), a result of its innovative developments in trade. During that time, the city was the leading centre for finance and diamonds. In the 19th and 20th centuries the city expanded, and many new neighbourhoods and suburbs were planned and built. The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam and the 19–20th century Defence Line of Amsterdam are on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Since the annexation of the municipality of Sloten in 1921 by the municipality of Amsterdam, the oldest historic part of the city lies in Sloten (9th century).
As the commercial capital of the Netherlands and one of the top financial centres in Europe, Amsterdam is considered an alpha world city by the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) study group. The city is also the cultural capital of the Netherlands. Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters there, and seven of the world's 500 largest companies, including Philips, AkzoNobel, TomTom and ING, are based in the city. Also, many leading technology companies have their European headquarters in Amsterdam, such as Uber, Netflix and Tesla. In 2012, Amsterdam was ranked the second best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and 12th globally on quality of living for environment and infrastructure by Mercer. The city was ranked 3rd in innovation by Australian innovation agency 2thinknow in their Innovation Cities Index 2009. The Port of Amsterdam to this day remains the second in the country, and the fifth largest seaport in Europe. Famous Amst ...