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The militant nationalists called early leadership of the Indian National Congress moderates. Moderates were reformists who justified the west-inspired social reform programme. After its formation in 1885, the Congress emerged within a short time as the real spokesman of the Indian people. It consciously tried to work out a national consensus around political representation and development. Moderates believed that with Indians controlling the legislatures and the civil services, it would be easier for them to extend welfare measures to ordinary Indians. One of the limitations of the moderate phase of Congress was its unrepresentative character and the failure to undertake peasant mobilization on a grand scale.