Скачать или смотреть Inside the Tube Amp: Point-to-Point Wiring Explained

Overview of designing a tube amplifier:

1. Choose the Basic Design
Single-Ended (SE): Simple, uses one tube per channel, great for low power and warm sound.
Push-Pull: More powerful, uses two tubes per channel, lower distortion, and more complex.
2. Pick Your Tubes
Preamp Tubes: Like 12AX7, to boost the signal.
Power Tubes: Like EL34 or 6L6, to drive the speakers.
Rectifier Tubes: Optional, like 5U4, to convert AC to DC power.
3. Design the Power Supply
Transformers: Power transformers provide voltage, and output transformers match your speakers.
Filtering: Use capacitors to smooth out the power and reduce noise.
4. Set Up Biasing
Fixed Bias: More power, adjustable.
Cathode Bias: Simpler, self-adjusting.
5. Assemble the Circuit
Input Stage: A small tube (like 12AX7) amplifies the signal.
Output Stage: The power tubes (like EL34) drive the speakers.
6. Build and Test
Layout: Arrange components neatly to avoid noise.
Testing: Power up carefully, check for noise, and adjust bias.
7. Finish and Tune
Sound Test: Listen for hum or distortion and make small tweaks if needed.
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