Charoli or Chironji plant tree | Cuddapah almond | Buchanania lanzan

Charoli or Chironji plant tree english name Cuddapah almond or Buchanania lanzan.
Chironji appears to have been originated in the Indian sub- continent. It is discovered in dry deciduous forest of India. A tree of dry area is identified in North West and Central India. Plants may possibly be observed in UttarPradesh, MadhyaPradesh, Chattisgarh, Maharashtra, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, AndhraPradesh and Gujarat.

It is an excellent fruit tree for agro forestry and social forestry. In the wasteland growth and dryland horticulture, it assumes wonderful significance due to its multifarious uses and capacity to stand up to adverse climatic circumstances. At existing, it is growing under forest situation as an below exploited fruit and gives monitory reward to the tribal local community of the nation and appears to be boon for them. It is worthwhile species discovered in dry deciduous forest all through the country excluding eastern Himalayan forests. The flesh of ripe fruit is very palatable and is largely eaten raw or roasted and the oily kernels are the most important part and are employed in planning of puddings. Mesocarp of fruit is edible and cherished by young children. Really good juice may be prepared from the pulp of chironji fruits. The kernel is highly nutritious and wealthy in protein and yields sweet oil, which can be used to substitute olive and almond oil. Kernel contains 33.50 % oil, one.90 % of which is unsaponifiable. The saponifiable part contained 20.00 % of linoleic acid. Chironji oil is non-repellant and non-toxic and is suitable for human consumption. Hemawathy and Prabhakar (1988) reported that complete kernel lipid extracted from chironji was 65.60 % of dry kernel and consisted of 90.forty % neutral lipids, 3.four % glycolipids and 6.two % phospholipids. The kernels are reported to be utilized by tribals of Gujarat as brain tonic. An ointment made out of the kernels is employed to cure itch of the skin and to eliminate blemishes from the face. It is also utilized in diarrhoea and intercostal pains. The bark furnishes a natural varnish and is utilized in tanning in Kerala. The leaves are reported to be valued for their tonic and cardiotonic properties, and their powder is a frequent medicine for wounds. The kernel oil is utilised in the cosmetic manufacturing and as a substitute of almond oil.Chironji supplies quality timber wood for various utilizes.

The tree is having 13-18 meter height with straight trunk, young branches clothed with silky hairs. Leaves thickly coriaceous, broadly oblong, obtuse, at times emarginate, glabrescent over, more or much less villous beneath, reticulately veined, the nerves and veins impressed on the upper surface, base rounded, primary nerves 10-20 pairs, petioles prolonged (about 1.2cm). Flowers modest, sessile, greenish white, in terminal and axillary pyramidal ferrugineo-pilose panicles which are shorter than the leaves, bracts little, caducous. Calyx lobes brief, broadly ovate, ciliate. Petals extended, ovate-oblong, subacute, disk fleshy. Stamens 10, a minor shorter than the petals, filaments flattened, anthers about as lengthy as the filaments. Ovaries 1 best, conical, villous, the other 4 lowered to cylindrical filaments. Drupes obliquely lentiform in the extended diameter, black, stone hard, two valved.

In this strategy, diversity wealthy region is surveyed to pick elite genotypes between its population. Following conducting survey, promising genotypes having very good horticultural traits, are earmarked and passport information are ready. Elite genotypes are multiplied through vegetative propagation and planted at experimental field and evaluated for various morphological, top quality and yield attributes.On the basis of functionality information, the assortment is identified.