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Dhaka, Bangladesh (1800 – 2025) – Then and Now Cities – City Evolution

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has undergone a remarkable transformation from a quiet Mughal trading center to a bustling megacity at the heart of South Asia. Over two centuries, it evolved through colonial rule, independence, urbanization, and modernization, becoming a complex mosaic of history, culture, and rapid development.

In the early 1800s, Dhaka was a Mughal-influenced town known for its muslin trade, dotted with mosques, gardens, and Mughal-era architecture.

During British colonial rule, the city expanded with railroads, government institutions, and Victorian-style buildings, while retaining its eastern character.

By the mid-20th century, Dhaka played a pivotal role in the independence movement and became the capital of East Pakistan, later transforming into the capital of independent Bangladesh in 1971.

The post-independence era brought rapid population growth, the expansion of universities, and development of industries, especially textiles and garments.

From the 1990s onward, Dhaka grew into a dense urban hub, with high-rise buildings, traffic congestion, and infrastructure challenges.

In the 21st century, efforts to modernize included the launch of Dhaka Metro Rail, flyovers, digital governance, and improved urban planning.

By 2025, Dhaka stands as a dynamic, diverse megacity—rich in history, yet striving for sustainability and smart growth amidst challenges.

Dhaka’s journey from a riverine town to a global city of resilience and energy reflects the story of a nation rising through time.

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