Semikalla Panjurli Kola. Daddi, Mijar. MariPooja, 2020.

Semikalla Panjurli Nema. At Daddi, Mijar.
Maari Pooja 2020.
17/03/2020


Panjurli is the divine spirit of a male wild boar worshipped as a part of Bhuta Kola. Panjurli in Tulu means a wild boar offspring. In Tululand many wild boars used to destroy cultivated crops of farmers and hence farmers started worshipping the spirits of wild boars. This was probably later absorbed in Hinduism through the following story. As per Paddanas – the ancient Tulu oral literature, Goddess Parvati kept an offspring of a Wild boar as her pet and loved it dearly. It was very naughty and destroyed the gardens in Kailash. Lord Shiva angered by this, killed the Wild Boar. This upset Parvati greatly. To pacify her, Shiva brought it back to life as a spirit and sent it to Earth to protect the people and steer them from evil to good.

Bhuta Worship in the form of Bhuta Kola is celebrated in the Tululand (states of Southern coastal Karnataka like Mangalore, Udupi, Kundapura) and North Malabar region of Kerala and is very much a core part of the socio-cultural life in the village. Some believe the origin of Bhuta worship to be older than Hinduism itself.  A Bhuta is a divine ethereal spirit that is believed to protect and promote the welfare of its worshippers. The Bhuta kola attempts to bring together the tangible and the intangible worlds. There are at least 350 kinds of Bhutas which are classified either as those of totemic origin or derived from Hindu gods or human heroes who became saints after their death. Some believe these Bhutas to be from the sect of Ganas, followers and devotees of Lord Shiva.

There are priests who act as oracles or impersonators for the conveyance of the commands of these Bhutas.  Bhuta Kolas from feudal times have served as a platform for delivering justice where family disputes and political disputes are referred to the spirits for mediation and deliverance of justice. Possession, Trance and Dialogue by the impersonator with the villagers/ devotees are the three main parts of such ceremonies.

The priests or impersonators wore very elaborate costumes and paraphernalia during these cult  rituals. Bhuta masks are the most revered and popular of these which were worshipped in the shrines (Sthaana) as representations of these spirits.
Panjurli Daiva is assistant to Rajan Daivas, as cited above, as 'Kshetrapala' (Guardian of the area), in maintaining justice and peace in the places where he is believed and worshipped. He has got seven manifestations. He is the Divine Spirit, who sits in judgement on the conduct of members of a family, village and cluster of villages. Hence he is known by different names. In South of Tulunadu, he is known as ‘Annappa Panjurli’ at Dharmasthala, in the North he protects the borders as ‘Tembikalla Panjurli’, in the East, he is worshipped as Kuppettu Panjurli, in the West he is known as ‘Bolada Panjurli’, and at individual Tuluva households he is known by simple name of ‘Panjurli’. His adventures while guarding and protecting the borders of Tulunadu and benevolence on oblating devotees are legendary.
The word: Panjurli
‘Panjurli’ as per tradition means ‘Panji kurle or kurli, i.e. a wild boar’s offspring. This offspring was created by Lord Shiva and was cursed by Goddess Parvati for his misdeeds of destroying her ‘kadalivana’ (=banana grove). The curse is mitigated by ordaining him to be born on Earth as a Divine Spirit to protect and uplift the masses from evil to good. There is another version in Bappanadu Kshetra Mahatme that he was born out of sweat of Hanuman, which fell into the ocean while carrying the mountain bearing the Sanjivani herbs.
Panjurli (Panji+urli) is a compound word wherein Panji = wild boar is clear. The exact meaning and source of 'Urli' here is baffling and is to be recognised.
‘Uri’ has the meaning of angry, savage, wild, ferocious and fierce, as we can understand in Ugra Narasimha or Uri Brahma (Uri Brahma is one of the Daivas, worshipped in Athur Bailu Mahalingeshwar Temple). The suffix ‘li’ generally represents ‘animal’ or ‘bird’, as we find in ‘pili (=tiger), ‘palli (=lizard), ‘eli’ (=rat) and ‘gili’ (=parrot), etc.
What makes it clear is that Panjurli means: an Ugra (=violent) Panji (=boar), a deity with abilities to punish for the evil deeds and bless the good. Overall, the word 'Panjurli' means a wild boar.