Скачать или смотреть അബ്ബാസി ഖിലാഫത്: ഉദയവും വികാസവും Abbasids| Caliphate| Islam|

This lecture traces the trajectory of the Abbasid Caliphate from its revolutionary inception to its ultimate collapse under Mongol pressure. Arising from the discontent of marginalized non-Arab Muslims (Mawalis) and the defeat of the Umayyads in 750 AD, the Abbasids shifted the empire's center to the newly founded city of Baghdad. The dynasty oversaw the Islamic Golden Age, a period defined by intellectual flourishing at the House of Wisdom and technological milestones like the introduction of paper production.

While the reigns of early caliphs like Harun al-Rashid and al-Ma'mun marked a zenith of scientific and theological discourse, the empire later faced internal strain. Key shifts included the rise of Turkish military influence, the contentious Mihna (inquisition), and a move toward administrative decentralization. These vulnerabilities, coupled with economic instability and the rise of autonomous regional dynasties, culminated in the 1258 AD Siege of Baghdad by Hulagu Khan, effectively ending the caliphate’s political dominance and altering the course of Islamic history.