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In this let's talk about water(prevention and control of pollution)Act, 1974.


Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

The Water Act of 1974 is a key environmental legislation in India enacted to prevent and control water pollution and to maintain or restore the wholesomeness of water.

Enacted:
By Parliament of India, came into force in 1974

Objective:

Prevent and control water pollution

Maintain or restore the quality of water bodies


Important Features:

1. Pollution Control Boards:

CPCB (Central Board) – At the national level

SPCBs (State Boards) – At the state level

Function: Monitor, plan, and implement water pollution control programs



2. Consent Requirement:

Industries must take prior consent (permission) from SPCBs before discharging waste into water bodies



3. Powers of Boards:

Inspection of pollution sources

Sampling and analysis of effluents



action against defaulters



4. Penalties:

Imprisonment up to 3 months or fine up to ₹10,000, or both

Additional fine for continuing offenses


5. Jurisdiction:

Applies to the entire country (except Jammu & Kashmir at the time of enactment)


significance:

First major law in India focusing on environmental protection

Foundation for future environmental laws like Environment Protection Act, 1986

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