''THE REPUBLIC'' by PLATO
The Republic is a Socratic dialogue, written by Plato around 380 BC, concerning justice, the order and character of the just city-state, and the just man.It is Plato's best-known work, and has proven to be one of the world's most influential works of philosophy and political theory, both intellectually and historically.
In the dialogue, Socrates talks with various Athenians and foreigners about the meaning of justice and whether the just man is happier than the unjust man. They consider the natures of existing regimes and then propose a series of different, hypothetical cities in comparison, culminating in Kallipolis , a city-state ruled by a philosopher king. They also discuss the theory of forms, the immortality of the soul, and the role of the philosopher and of poetry in society. The dialogue's setting seems to be during the Peloponnesian War.
Refer here : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republi...)
Characters:
Socrates: The major speaker in the dialogue. His name means "master of life," and it is he who advances all of Plato's theories. Note that the Socrates who speaks in Plato's Dialogues is not, of course, the man, Socrates. The Socrates of the Dialogues serves as a persona (a mask, or fictive character) for Plato himself, who hoped, perhaps, thus to grant a kind of immortality to his teacher.
Cephalus: A wealthy and retired old businessman, head of a business family. Socrates has known him a long time and admires him. Cephalus and Socrates initiate the dialogue, which begins with a casual friendly conversation. Cephalus' significance in the dialogue is that he exemplifies the seasoned experienced man who, though not a philosopher, has tried to live the good life and to adopt the virtues he has heard about. His remarks to Socrates at the beginning of the dialogue foreshadow topics that Socrates will develop later in the dialogue.
Polemarchus: Cephalus' son and the pupil of Lysias, a teacher of rhetoric. It is Polemarchus (whose name means "war-lord" or "general") who instigates the flyting with Socrates during the festivities for the goddess Bendis before the dialogue proper begins. Polemarchus, perhaps true to his name, is very laconic in the dialogue, and he seems impatient with his "role" in it, seems resigned to his having "inherited" the responsibilities of host after Cephalus quits the conversation.
Thrasymachus: A sophist, a teacher of specious rhetoric. His name means "rash fighter." Socrates seems particularly eager to engage Thrasymachus' arguments in the dialogue, and the two nearly reduce a philosophical dialogue to a petty quarrel.
Adeimantus: An older half-brother of Plato. His name means "sooth-singer," and in the dialogue, he is a young man and something of a poet.
Glaucon : Also a half-brother of Plato. His name means "owl" or "gleaming eyes," and in the dialogue, he is a young man.
Reference: https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literatur...
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