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The Mandara (or Wandala) people are
an ethnic group located in the Mandara Hills region of northern Cameroon and northeastern Nigeria (Ngala LGA of Bornu State), with a presence also in southeastern Chad. They are primarily Muslims, speak the Wandala (Chadic) language, and their traditional society was stratified, with royalty at the top followed by artisans and farmers, and a society formerly reliant on metalworking and agriculture. The Mandara Mountains region served as a refuge, and they have historically been known for their skill in farming and craft production.

Location
Countries: Northern Cameroon, Borno State in northeastern Nigeria, and southeastern Chad.

Geography: The Mandara people inhabit the savanna and mountainous regions of the Mandara Hills, which were used as a place of refuge during periods of slave raids.

Culture & Society
Language: They speak the Wandala language, a Chadic language belonging to the Afro-Asiatic language family.

Religion: They are primarily Muslim, practicing folk Islam which incorporates traditional elements.

Traditional Roles: Historically, they had a stratified society with sultans and royalty at the highest level, followed by farmers and artisans, and then slaves.

Economy: They are known for their farming skills, particularly the cultivation of staple crops like sorghum and millet, and for their expertise in animal husbandry.

Crafts: Metalworking was a significant skill for the Mandara people, as mentioned in their historical records.

Architecture: Mandara villages are compact, featuring rectangular compounds enclosed by dirt walls, with straw thatch-roofed huts.

Social Structure: A village headman typically oversees the community, often with the assistance of the religious leader