Скачать или смотреть Tensile Strength of Steel or Yield Strength of Steel Testing

The primary method for testing steel yield strength is the destructive tensile test, which involves pulling a standardized specimen until it breaks to measure force and elongation. Other methods include hardness testing, which is a quick way to estimate yield strength for quality control, and nondestructive tests like the ultrasonic testing method for a non-invasive evaluation. 

Destructive testing methods

Tensile test: This is the most common and accurate method.

Procedure: A prepared steel specimen is placed in a tensile testing machine and pulled with a constant force until it fractures.

Measurement: The machine records the applied force and the resulting elongation to create a stress-strain curve.

Determination: The yield strength is identified from the stress-strain curve, either at the point where the material shows a clear change from elastic to plastic deformation or by using the 0.2% offset method if a clear yield point isn't visible.

Flexure (bending) and rebend tests: These tests are used to check the strength and ductility of steel bars, particularly reinforcement bars, and are described in standards like ASTM A370. 

Other and non-destructive testing methods

Hardness testing: Quick and practical for quality checks, this test uses an indenter to make an indentation on the material. The hardness measurement can be correlated to estimate the yield strength. Common hardness tests include the Brinell, Rockwell, and Vickers tests.

Ultrasonic testing (UT): A non-destructive method that uses high-frequency sound waves to evaluate the material's properties and detect internal defects without damaging the sample.

Incremental permeability (IP): An online, non-destructive method for cold-rolled steel sheets that relates a material's response to dynamic magnetization to