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Mesua ferrea (Sri Lankan ironwood, Indian rose chestnut, or cobra's saffron) is a species in the family Calophyllaceae. This slow-growing tree is named after the heaviness and hardness of its Timber. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental due to its graceful shape, grayish-green foliage with a beautiful pink to red flush of drooping young leaves, and large, fragrant white flowers. It is native to wet, tropical parts of Sri Lanka, Republic of India, southern Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Indochina, the Philippines, Malaysia and Sumatra, where it grows in evergreen forests, especially in river valleys. In the eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats in India it grows up to altitudes of 1,500 m (4,900 ft), while in Sri Lanka up to 1,000 m (3,300 ft). It is the Provincial tree of Mizoram and the Provincial flower of Tripura respectively.

History of the tree in Sri Lanka:

In the dry zone areas of Sri Lanka—where ironwood trees normally do not grow wild, large, old ironwood trees can be seen around the remains of ancient Buddhist monasteries on rocky hills around Dambulla such as Na Uyana Aranya, Namal Uyana, Na-golla Aranya, Pidurangala near Sigiriya, Kaludiya Pokuna near Kandalama, and Ritigala. They are probably the descendants of trees planted as ornamentals in the monasteries in ancient times during the Anuradhapura period. Older trees form suckers or shoots from the base of the trunk, which become new trees when the old trunk falls down; therefore the bases and roots of some ironwood trees in these sites might be very old.

In Theravada Buddhism, this tree is said to have used as the tree for achieved enlightenment, or Bodhi by four Lord Buddhas called "Mangala - මංගල", "Sumana - සුමන", "Revatha - රේවත", and "Sobhitha - සෝභිත". It is the National tree of Sri Lanka respectively.

Vernacular names:

Mesua ferrea has different names in various languages.
සිංහල: Na (නා)
Assamese: Nahor (নাহৰ), Nokte ( নোক্তে)
Meghalaya (Garo): Kimde
Bengali: Nagesar (নাগেশ্বর)
Hindi: Gajapushpam; Nāg champa (नाग चम्पा), Nāgakesar (नाग केसर)
Filipino: kaliuas
Javanese: nagasari
Kannada: Nagasampige (ನಾಗಸಂಪಿಗೆ)
Malaysian: penaga
Malayalam: Nagachampakam; Veila
Marathi: Nagchafa, Thorla chafa
Myanmar: Kant Kaw
Mizo: Herhse (state tree of Mizoram)
Odia: Nageswara, Nagakesara
Română: Kesara
Sanskrit: Champeryah; Nāgakesara; Nāgapushpa, Nāga (नाग)
Sinhala: Nā
Tamil: Iravam(இரவம்), Iruḷmaram(இருள்மரம்), Cheru-nagapu; Sirunagappoo; Veilutta-champakam, Tadinangu, Naka
Telugu: Nagakesara
Thai: bunnak (ปุนนาค)
Urdu: Narmishka (नर्मिश्क)
Vietnam: Vắp ( Theo Y Học Tuệ Tĩnh - HuuDuc)