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Geography of Jammu & Kashmir

Jammu & Kashmir is located in the northernmost part of India and is known for its diverse physiography, climate, and natural resources. The Union Territory lies between 32°17′ to 36°58′ North latitude and 73°26′ to 80°30′ East longitude. It shares international borders with Pakistan and China, and is bounded internally by Himachal Pradesh and Punjab.

The geography of Jammu & Kashmir can be broadly divided into three major physiographic divisions:

The Himalayan (Kashmir) Valley
This region lies between the Pir Panjal Range and the Greater Himalayas. It is an oval-shaped fertile valley, drained mainly by the River Jhelum. The valley is famous for its alluvial soil, lakes (Dal Lake, Wular Lake), and temperate climate, making it suitable for horticulture and agriculture.

The Jammu Region
Jammu comprises plains, hills, and mountains. The southern part has subtropical plains, while the northern part is hilly and mountainous. Important rivers include Chenab, Ravi, and Tawi. The region experiences hot summers and moderate winters.

The Ladakh Region
Ladakh is a cold desert lying in the rain shadow of the Himalayas. It is characterized by high plateaus, rugged mountains, sparse vegetation, and extreme climate. Important rivers include the Indus, Zanskar, and Shyok.

Climate

Jammu & Kashmir experiences varied climatic conditions ranging from subtropical in Jammu, temperate in Kashmir Valley, to cold desert climate in Ladakh.

Natural Resources

The region is rich in water resources, forests, and hydropower potential. Major crops include rice, wheat, maize, and fruits like apple, walnut, and almond.

This geographical diversity plays a crucial role in the economy, culture, and strategic importance of Jammu & Kashmir and is a significant topic in JKSSB, JKPSC, and other UT-level competitive examinations.

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