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Tubal blockage is one of the major reasons behind female infertility. To diagnose the condition of the fallopian tubes and uterus of the females,doctors often recommend a special X-ray test called Hysterosalpingography (HSG), commonly known as the tube test. This procedure helps in identifying whether the fallopian tubes are open or blocked and if the uterine cavity has any abnormality like fibroids, polyps, or adhesions. It is an important diagnostic step for women facing difficulty in conceiving.
Methods of Tube Test (HSG)
The HSG procedure is usually performed in a hospital or fertility clinic by a radiologist or gynecologist. The steps include:
1. Preparation Before the Test.
The test is usually scheduled after the menstrual cycle ends but before ovulation (between day 7 to day 10 of the cycle).
This timing ensures that the woman is not pregnant and reduces the risk of infection.
Some women may be advised to take a mild painkiller or antibiotic before the procedure to reduce discomfort and prevent infection.
2. Positioning
The patient is asked to lie on the X-ray examination table in the lithotomy position, in this position (legs raised and supported in stirrups).
A speculum is inserted into the vagina to visualize the cervix.
3. Insertion of Catheter
The cervix is cleaned with antiseptic solution.
A thin tube or cannula is gently inserted into the cervix.
4. Injection of Contrast Dye
A special contrast dye (radio-opaque liquid) is slowly introduced through the catheter into the uterine cavity.
The dye fills the uterus and flows into the fallopian tubes.
5. X-Ray Imaging
As the dye moves through the uterus and tubes, a series of X-ray images are taken.
If the tubes are open, the dye will flow freely into the abdominal cavity, appearing clearly on the X-ray film.
If the tubes are blocked, the dye will stop at the point of blockage.
6. Completion of the Procedure
The catheter and speculum are removed after imaging.
The patient may be observed for a short period before being allowed to go home.
The whole process usually takes 20–30 minutes.
Precautions During Tube Test (HSG)
Although HSG is generally safe, some precautions must be taken to avoid complications and ensure accurate results:
1. Timing of the Test
The test should never be performed during menstruation or pregnancy.
Doing it at the right stage of the cycle ensures safety and accuracy.
2. Pre-Test Precautions
Inform the doctor about any allergies, especially to iodine or contrast dye.
Patients with pelvic infections or sexually transmitted infections should not undergo HSG until the infection is treated.
Mild painkillers can be taken before the procedure to reduce cramps.
3. Post-Test Precautions
Light spotting or mild cramping may occur for 1–2 days after the test, which is normal.
Heavy bleeding, fever, or severe abdominal pain should be reported immediately as they may indicate infection or injury.
Sexual intercourse is usually avoided for at least 24–48 hours after the test.
4. Hygiene and Care
Proper hygiene should be maintained after the procedure to reduce infection risk.
Follow all prescribed medications like antibiotics if given by the doctor.
5. Medical Supervision
The procedure must only be performed by trained specialists.