Скачать или смотреть 📝 Deep Dive into “SQL Server Architecture Explained”: Query Processor to Storage Engine🧩

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SQL Server Architecture:
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The SQL Server architecture can be understood by examining its three main layers:

Protocol Layer
The Protocol Layer handles communication between client applications and SQL Server.
It converts client requests into a format SQL Server understands (Tabular Data Stream – TDS).

Supported protocols include:
Shared Memory:Used for local connections when client and server run on the same machine. Fastest communication method.
TCP/IP:The most common network protocol. Used for remote connections across networks.
Named Pipes:Primarily used for LAN environments; useful for legacy applications or when specific security requirements exist.

Relational Engine (Query Processor): This is the core component responsible for processing SQL queries. It includes:
Command Parser: Checks the syntax of SQL statements and translates them into a logical tree structure.
✔️ 1.1 Parsing
SQL Server checks your syntax and builds a parse tree.
✔️ 1.2 Binding
SQL Server resolves:
table names
column names
permissions

Query Optimizer: Analyzes the logical tree and generates the most efficient execution plan for retrieving data, considering factors like indexes, statistics, and resource costs.
SQL Server creates the best execution plan by evaluating:
available indexes
row counts
statistics
operator costs
Execution Engine: Executes the chosen query plan, interacting with the storage engine to retrieve and manipulate data.
Executes the optimized plan.
Sends instructions to the Storage Engine to read/write data.
Handles joins, aggregations, filters, and other operators.

Storage Engine: This layer manages the physical storage and retrieval of data within the database. Key components include:
Access Methods: Handles the physical reading and writing of data pages, including index management and heap access.
Buffer Manager: Manages the buffer cache, a memory area where data pages are temporarily stored to reduce disk I/O.
Manages the buffer cache, where data pages are stored in memory.
Reduces disk I/O by keeping frequently accessed pages in RAM.
Handles:
page reads
page writes
lazy writer
checkpoint process
The Storage Engine ensures data integrity, concurrency control, and efficient disk access.


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