Скачать или смотреть What are Trophic Level?

In this video, we define and discuss trophic levels and how they impact ecosystems.

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#EnvironmentalScienceLecture
A community is an assemblage of populations organisms living in the same area at the same time. Some of the most important interactions among community members involve who eats whom. Energy passes among trophic levels. Species in a community are given a rank within the feeding hierarchy, called a trophic level. Producers use photosynthesis or chemosynthesis to make their own sugars. Primary consumers consume producers. Secondary consumers prey on primary consumers. Tertiary consumers prey on secondary consumers. Decomposers break down nonliving matter into smaller molecules. These play an especially important role in cycling nutrients back into soil for plants to use. Energy, numbers, and biomass decrease at higher trophic levels. Biomass is the collective mass of living matter in a given place and time. At each trophic level, most of the energy input is either used for maintenance or lost as heat. Trophic levels will only have about 10% of energy content, organisms, and biomass compared to the one below them. Eating at lower trophic levels decreases your ecological footprint. Food webs show feeding relationships and energy flow. The flow of energy and feeding relationships from lower to higher trophic levels is depicted in a food chain. Food webs incorporate all of the interlinking food chains within an entire community, showing the map of energy flow. A species that has an impact far greater than its abundance is called a keystone species. Keystone species can include: Decomposers that recycle nutrients and replenish the soil. “Ecosystem engineers,” such as beavers and prairie dogs, who physically alter ecosystems. Top predators, who control populations of lower trophic level consumers, are often keystone species. If top predators are lost, primary consumers will overconsume producers and alter the entire ecosystem. This is called a trophic cascade. Which is an example of an ecosystem disturbance.