Скачать или смотреть Ants-Treehoppers symbiosis | Insect life

Ants-Treehoppers symbiosis | Insect life
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Ant and treehoppers symbiosis:
Treehoppers and ants exhibit a mutualistic relationship where ants protect treehoppers from predators and parasites in exchange for a sugary liquid called honeydew, a byproduct of the treehoppers' sap feeding.

Ants are attracted to honeydew and will often "tend" to treehopper colonies, protecting them from predators and parasites. in turn, ants gain a reliable food source (honeydew) by protecting treehoppers.

Ant attendance can also lead to increased feeding rates, resulting in greater developmental rates, adult size, and survivorship. 

Some treehoppers even produce alarm signals (vibrations) to attract ants when they encounter predators, further enhancing the protection provided by the ants.