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okay, let's dive deep into the world of git's `merge` and `rebase`, two crucial tools for integrating changes from one branch into another. we'll explore their differences, workflows, common use cases, potential pitfalls, and provide real-world devops shack examples. get ready for a comprehensive guide!

*understanding the core concepts*

at the heart of it, both `merge` and `rebase` achieve the same goal*: integrating changes from a source branch (e.g., `feature/new-feature`) into a target branch (e.g., `main` or `develop`). the key difference lies in *how they achieve this integration and the resulting commit history.

*merge:* `merge` creates a new merge commit on the target branch. this commit has two parents: the tip of the target branch before the merge and the tip of the source branch. this explicit merge commit clearly shows the integration point in the history.

*rebase:* `rebase` moves the entire source branch onto the tip of the target branch. it effectively rewrites the commit history of the source branch by applying each commit from the source branch on top of the target branch. this creates a linear history.

*visualizing the difference*

imagine a scenario where you have:

`main` branch at commit `a - b - c`
`feature/new-feature` branch branched from `main` at commit `b`, and has commits `d - e`

*merge (`git merge main`) on `feature/new-feature`:*



the history becomes: `a -- b -- c -- d -- e -- f`

the important thing to note here is that commit f is created which merges all the changes from the main branch to the feature branch.

*rebase (`git rebase main`) on `feature/new-feature`:*



the history (after `git checkout main` and `git merge feature/new-feature`):



notice that `d` and `e` become `d'` and `e'`. these are effectively new commits, even though the code changes they represent are (usually) the same as the original commits. the rebase rewritten the feature branch to appear as if it branched off the mos ...

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