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Public Key Encryption

Public-key encryption is a cryptographic system that uses two keys a public key known to everyone and a private or secret key known only to the recipient of the message.

Example: When John wants to send a secure message to Jane, he uses Jane's public key to encrypt the message. Jane then uses her private key to decrypt it.

An important element to the public key system is that the public and private keys are related in such a way that only the public key can be used to encrypt messages and only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt them. Moreover, it is virtually impossible to deduce the private key if you know the public key.